Determining normal values for lower trachea and bronchi size in children by computed tomography (CT).

Background: Normative data for central airway dimensions are a prerequisite to objectively assess large airway pathologies. Studies with computed tomography (CT) measurements of normal trachea and bronchi size in children are scarce.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to establish normal values of central airway dimensions in children by CT.

Normal pulmonary artery and branch pulmonary artery sizes in children.

To establish standards for pulmonary artery and branch pulmonary artery (PA and BPA) effective diameter (ED) and cross-sectional area (CSA) by using computed tomography (CT) data in children of a wide range of sizes and investigate the roundness of arteries. The ED (average of short and long axes) and CSA for the PA and BPA were measured using 1-mm collimation double-oblique reconstructions. Ordinary least squares regression was used to investigate models with various functional forms that related ED and CSA to patient size.

Assessment of Primary Site Response in Children With High-Risk Neuroblastoma: An International Multicenter Study.

Purpose: The International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria (INRC) require serial measurements of primary tumors in three dimensions, whereas the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) require measurement in one dimension. This study was conducted to identify the preferred method of primary tumor response assessment for use in revised INRC.

Patients And Methods: Patients younger than 20 years with high-risk neuroblastoma were eligible if they were diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 and if three primary tumor measurements (antero-posterior, width, cranio-caudal) were recorded at least twice before resection.