MRI Features of Free Liquid Silicone in the Transgender Female Breast.

Objective: To define MRI features of free liquid silicone injection (FLSI) of the breast in transgender women considering surgical management.

Methods: This study was IRB-approved. MRI images from transgender women with FLSI imaged between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed.

BI-RADS 3: Current and Future Use of Probably Benign.

Purpose Of Review: Probably benign (BI-RADS 3) causes confusion for interpreting physicians and referring physicians and can induce significant patient anxiety. The best uses and evidence for using this assessment category in mammography, breast ultrasound, and breast MRI will be reviewed; the reader will have a better understanding of how and when to use BI-RADS 3.

Recent Findings: Interobserver variability in the use of BI-RADS 3 has been documented.

Incremental Role of Mammography in the Evaluation of Gynecomastia in Men Who Have Undergone Chest CT.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether additional breast imaging is clinically valuable in the evaluation of patients with gynecomastia incidentally observed on CT of the chest.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective analysis, 62 men were identified who had a mammographic diagnosis of gynecomastia and had also undergone CT within 8 months (median, 2 months). We compared the imaging findings of both modalities and correlated them with the clinical outcome.

Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 3 for magnetic resonance imaging.

The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3 signifies a probably benign finding and should be reserved for those findings that have a less than 2% risk of malignancy. There are limited data defining the use of this category in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the imaging features of probably benign lesions are not well defined. Most recent studies have shown that the frequency of use of BI-RADS 3 is comparable with that reported in mammography and ultrasound and that the rate of malignancy is within the targeted range.

Digital breast tomosynthesis of gynecomastia and associated findings-a pictorial review.

Men referred for breast imaging most frequently present with a unilateral palpated breast lump or breast enlargement. In the vast majority of these cases, the cause is benign and the most common etiology is gynecomastia. This pictorial review illustrates the appearance by full field digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis of gynecomastia as well as additional findings in the male breast including sternalis muscle and hypertrophied pectoralis muscle, lipoma, intramammary lymph node, fat necrosis, breast cancer, and atypical ductal hyperplasia.

Risk of malignancy when microscopic radial scars and microscopic papillomas are found at percutaneous biopsy.

Objective: The objective of our study was to assess the incidence of associated malignancy when microscopic radial scars and microscopic intraductal papillomas are encountered at percutaneous biopsy for lesions that otherwise reveal benign histopathology.

Materials And Methods: A search of the pathology database for the period from December 14, 2006, through December 21, 2009, identified patients with a microscopic radial scar, a microscopic intraductal papilloma, or both at percutaneous biopsy. Patients whose percutaneous biopsy was performed for a lesion that revealed carcinoma or a high-risk pathology result were excluded to avoid confounding bias, as were patients who had only imaging follow-up.

Sliding scale versus tight glycemic control in the noncritically ill at a community hospital.

Background: Development of hyperglycemia during hospitalization is an area of concern in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Tight glycemic control has been debated for critically ill and noncritically ill patients with hyperglycemia. Although many studies have been performed in the critically ill, adequate data are not available in the noncritically ill population.

Crystal structure and mutational analysis of heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 1.

Heparan sulfate interacts with antithrombin, a protease inhibitor, to regulate blood coagulation. Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 1 performs the crucial last step modification in the biosynthesis of anticoagulant heparan sulfate. This enzyme transfers the sulfuryl group (SO(3)) from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to the 3-OH position of a glucosamine residue to form the 3-O-sulfo glucosamine, a structural motif critical for binding of heparan sulfate to antithrombin.

Crystal structure of human cholesterol sulfotransferase (SULT2B1b) in the presence of pregnenolone and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate. Rationale for specificity differences between prototypical SULT2A1 and the SULT2BG1 isoforms.

The gene for human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (SULT2B1) encodes two peptides, SULT2B1a and SULT2B1b, that differ only at their amino termini. SULT2B1b has a predilection for cholesterol but is also capable of sulfonating pregnenolone, whereas SULT2B1a preferentially sulfonates pregnenolone and only minimally sulfonates cholesterol. We have determined the crystal structure of SULT2B1a and SULT2B1b bound to the substrate donor product 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate at 2.