Fast triple-spin-echo Dixon (FTSED) sequence for water and fat imaging.

A number of 'Dixon' techniques based on fast spin echo (FSE) sequence have been proposed and successfully used in many branches of medicine. Some require only one scan, but most of them need multiple scans and long scan times. This article describes a new fast triple-spin-echo Dixon (FTSED) technique suitable for ultra-high field MRI, in which three specific time shifts are introduced in the echo train; thus, three images with defined water-fat phase-differences (0, π, 2π) are encoded in the phase of the acquired images without extreme restrictions upon the echo duration.

Are Early Somatic Embryos of the Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Organised?

Background: Somatic embryogenesis in conifer species has great potential for the forestry industry. Hence, a number of methods have been developed for their efficient and rapid propagation through somatic embryogenesis. Although information is available regarding the previous process-mediated generation of embryogenic cells to form somatic embryos, there is a dearth of information in the literature on the detailed structure of these clusters.

Wavelet-based de-noising techniques in MRI.

The paper deals with techniques for the enhancement of magnetic resonance (MR) images using the wavelet analysis, which is assessed from the viewpoint of choosing the mother wavelet and the thresholding technique. Three parameters are used as objective criteria of the quality of image enhancement: the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), image contrast, and linear approximation of edge steepness. Unlike most of the standard methods, which work exclusively with image magnitude, we also examined the influence of image phase, i.

Measurements of time characteristics of the gradient magnetic field.

Imaging techniques based on the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are modern techniques for the study of chemical, biological and physical properties of substances. The most important are their applications in medical sciences. MR imaging of a specimen weighted with diffusion coefficients requires very accurate data on the time course of the gradient pulse.