EVALUATION OF SEROLOGICAL SCREENING AND PCR-AMPLIFICATION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS DNA AMONG IRAQI BLOOD DONORS.

Objective: The aim: Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) caused by blood transfusion is a big problem throughout the world. The aim of study is to determine the faster and more accurate methods for detection of hepatitis B infections by serological screening and PCR- amplification.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: A total of 140528 donors were tested for HBsAg and total anti-HBc from January to October 2021 in Iraq's National Blood Transfusion Center; however, only 100 samples with HBsAg (-) and anti-HBc (+) were collected and tested for HBV DNA using quantitative real-time PCR.

EVALUATION OF SOME BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS AND THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO HEPATITIS B VACCINE IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS.

Objective: The aim: The goal of this study was to assess the immune response to the HB vaccine (the level of anti-HBs titer), as well as the prevalence of serum creatinine, urea, CRP, and serum albumin levels, and the relationship between these and immune response to the vaccine.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: 127 patients with chronic renal disease on hemodialysis (HD) were compared to 40 healthy people in Iraqi dialysis center, Baghdad. Antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were detected using the ARCHITECT SYSTEM and the Anti-HBs titer, HBs Ag, Anti-HCV determined by ELISA.

High prevalence of an alpha variant lineage with a premature stop codon in ORF7a in Iraq, winter 2020-2021.

Since the first reported case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading worldwide. Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 has had a critical role in tracking the emergence, introduction, and spread of new variants, which may affect transmissibility, pathogenicity, and escape from infection or vaccine-induced immunity. As anticipated, the rapid increase in COVID-19 infections in Iraq in February 2021 is due to the introduction of variants of concern during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

HIV-1 infection in Zambian children impairs the development and avidity maturation of measles virus-specific immunoglobulin G after vaccination and infection.

Background: Endemic transmission of measles continues in many countries that have a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden. The effects that HIV infection has on immune responses to measles and to measles vaccine can impact measles elimination efforts. Assays to measure antibody include the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which measures immunoglobulin G (IgG) to all measles virus (MV) proteins, and the plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) assay, which measures antibody to the hemagglutinin and correlates with protection.