Hyponatraemia Associated with Tramadol Use: A Case Report.

Background: Hyponatraemia is frequently encountered in clinical practice and is common among hospitalized patients. Tramadol is a commonly prescribed analgesia with a few adverse effects. However, on rare occasions, tramadol has been found to be associated with hyponatraemia.

Diabetic muscle infarction in end-stage renal disease: A scoping review on epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment.

Diabetic muscle infarction (DMI) refers to spontaneous ischemic necrosis of skeletal muscle among people with diabetes mellitus, unrelated to arterial occlusion. People with DMI may have coexisting end-stage renal disease (ESRD) but little is known about its epidemiology and clinical outcomes in this setting. This scoping review seeks to investigate the characteristics, clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, management and outcomes of DMI among people with ESRD.

Falls in the Aging Population.

The number of people living beyond 65 years of age is increasing rapidly, and they are at increased risk of falls. Falls-related injuries and hospitalizations are steadily increasing. Falls can lead to fear of falling, loss of independence, institutionalization, and death, inevitably posing a significant burden to the health care system.

Outcomes between older adults with atypical and typical femoral fractures are comparable.

Introduction: Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) are rare but a serious complication associated with prolonged use of bisphosphonates. However little is known about clinical outcomes of AFFs. The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics and postoperative outcomes between older patients with AFFs and typical femoral fractures (TFFs).

The Performance of Five Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Prediction Equations against Dual X-ray Absorptiometry in Estimating Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass in an Adult Australian Population.

Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) is a diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) offers a bedside approach to measure ASM but the performance of BIA prediction equations (PE) varies with ethnicities and body composition. We aim to validate the performance of five PEs in estimating ASM against estimation by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Clinical Screening Tools for Sarcopenia and Its Management.

Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in muscle mass and function, is affecting the older population worldwide. Sarcopenia is associated with poor health outcomes, such as falls, disability, loss of independence, and mortality; however it is potentially treatable if recognized and intervened early. Over the last two decades, there has been significant expansion of research in this area.

Atypical femoral fracture in a patient treated with denosumab.

Atypical fractures of the femur (AFF) have been reported in the literature at an increasing rate over the past decade, especially in patients who have been on prolonged courses of bisphosphonates. However, there have only been a few reported cases of AFF in those treated with other antiresorptive medications. In this case report, a 72-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoporosis presented with an atraumatic right femoral fracture in the setting of denosumab use.

Asymptomatic elevation of creatine kinase in patients with hyponatremia.

Elevated creatine kinase (hyper-CKemia) has been observed in small number of patients with hyponatremia. This study evaluated the features and outcomes of patients admitted with hyponatremia complicated by hyper-CKemia. Patients admitted with hyponatremia and concurrently found to have elevated creatine kinase (CK) of above 375 IU/L (male) or 225 IU/L (female), over a 5-year period were retrospectively reviewed.

Minimal change disease associated with newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare but aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Involvement of the kidney is an infrequent occurrence in patients with MCL and can be the result of direct infiltration or paraneoplastic glomerulopathy. Proliferative glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have previously been reported in association with MCL.

Diuretic-associated electrolyte disorders in the elderly: risk factors, impact, management and prevention.

Electrolyte and acid-base disorders are commonly encountered adverse effects of various diuretic agents, which are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality especially in elderly patients. Diuretic use is associated with hyponatraemia, hypernatraemia, hypokalaemia, hyperkalaemia, hyperuricaemia and alterations in magnesium, calcium, phosphate and acid-base homeostasis. Clinical studies have provided important data on the relative frequency and risk factors for these diuretic-associated electrolyte and acid-base disorders.

Hyponatraemia associated with trimethoprim use.

Trimethoprim (TMP) is a commonly prescribed antibiotic with few adverse effects. However on rare occasions, TMP is associated with electrolyte disturbances. As seen in our three patients, TMP can be associated with symptomatic hyponatraemia which required hospitalization.