Characterization of the effect of histone deacetylation inhibitors on CD8 T cells in the context of aging.

Background: Posttranslational protein modifications regulate essential cellular processes, including the immune cell activation. Despite known age-related alterations of the phenotype, composition and cytokine profiles of immune cells, the role of acetylation in the aging process of the immune system was not broadly investigated. Therefore, in the current study the effect of acetylation on the protein expression profiles and function of CD8 T cells from donors of distinct age was analyzed using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi).

Transcriptional Analysis of Total CD8 T Cells and CD8CD45RA Memory T Cells From Young and Old Healthy Blood Donors.

Memory CD8 T cells accumulate with aging, while the naïve T cell compartment decreases, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections and a decreased vaccine efficiency. To get deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms, this study aims to determine the age-dependent expression profile of total versus memory CD8 T cells from young and old donors. Total CD8 and CD8CD45RA memory T cells isolated from young (<30 years) and old (>60 years) donors were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies for 48h before analyzing the cytokine secretion and activation markers by flow cytometry and changes in the expression profiles using RNA sequencing.

[Natural killer cell immunodeficiency and herpesvirus infection in tuberculosis].

An inverse correlation was shown between the activity of natural killer cells (NKC) and the activated infection to herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2. There was a significant reduction in CD56+ cells in patients who had a history of a concomitance of pulmonary tuberculosis and HSV-2 infection. In patients with tuberculosis, the decreased activity of NKC may activate HSV-1 infection, with its further involvement as an independent factor in the development of meningoencephalitis.

[The role of herpes simplex of type 1 infection in the development of tuberculous meningoencephalitis].

Cases of tuberculous meningoencephalitis in Armenia and a role of the activation of human herpes virus-1 (HHV-1) infection have been investigated. HHV-1 can be an independent factor in the development of meningoencephalitis and a cofactor that produces cellular immunodeficiency in patients with atypical tuberculous meningoencephalitis.

Experimental study of cryogen spray properties for application in dermatologic laser surgery.

Cryogenic sprays are used for cooling human skin during laser dermatologic surgery. In this paper, six straight-tube nozzles are characterized by photographs of cryogenic spray shapes, as well as measurements of average droplet diameter, velocity, and temperature. A single-droplet evaporation model to predict average spray droplet diameter and temperature is tested using the experimental data presented here.

Effects of mass flow rate and droplet velocity on surface heat flux during cryogen spray cooling.

Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is used to protect the epidermis during dermatologic laser surgery. To date, the relative influence of the fundamental spray parameters on surface cooling remains incompletely understood. This study explores the effects of mass flow rate and average droplet velocity on the surface heat flux during CSC.

[Development of tuberculosis in children and adolescents in extreme circumstances].

The screening for tuberculosis among children and adolescents living in seismically dangerous regions, from families of the refugees and migrants has elicited a dramatic deterioration of tuberculosis-related epidemiological situation not only in the disaster regions, but in Armenia on the whole. The number of children and adolescents with active pulmonary and CNS tuberculosis has been growing. The disease is characterized by frequently occurring severe, disseminated and generalized forms with distruction and bacterial discharge.

[Pulmonary tuberculosis among the residents of the earthquake area in the Armenian SSR].

The examination of 300 patients from the zones of disaster conducted in the hospital, Republican Clinical Antituberculosis Dispensary, has shown an increased number of patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis and a high incidence of exacerbations of the chronic forms of the specific process. It also has revealed the development of disseminated forms with massive bacillary excretion, a higher incidence of various tuberculosis complications, combination of pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus and reduction of the body's defensive forces. Low effectiveness of treatment and deterioration of the epidemiological situation in the Republic were due to the above factors and short hospital stay of patients.

[Control over treatment efficacy in pulmonary tuberculosis patients by determining the amount of nucleic acids in the blood].

The authors formulated for the first time a conception of the possibility of controlling the course of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment efficacy by means of determination of the amount of nucleic acids in the blood. A dependence has been established of changes of the amount of nucleic acids of the blood on the degree of clinical improvement of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

[The efficacy of antioxidant therapy in patients with tuberculosis of the lungs and the correction of lipid peroxidation processes].

The article deals with the efficacy of the antioxidative therapy in tuberculosis. Besides chemotherapeutic drugs, the administration of alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C and sodium nucleinate brings about higher rates of smear-negative cases and shorter period of cavity closure. In case of tuberculosis, lipid peroxidation (LPO) stimulation accompanied by a sharp drop of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity is observed.

[Dynamics of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

The given article deals with the results of analysing antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the blood of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. It is demonstrated that with focal tuberculosis, lipid peroxidation rises, compensatory increase in SOD, GP and GR levels takes place. In infiltrative and disseminated tuberculosis, multidirectional changes of SOD, GP and GR levels are observed depending on a certain stage of the disease accompanied by an increased lipid peroxidation.

[Dynamics of changes in lipid peroxidation and activity of superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes of patients with tuberculosis].

Evaluation of the lipid peroxidation rate and the superoxide dismutase activity in patients with tuberculosis showed that lipid peroxidation was distinctly increased in focal and infiltrative forms of the disease, while the enzymatic activity was altered dissimilarly. Activation of superoxide dismutase observed in focal tuberculosis appears to have a compensatory importance.

[Class I and II antigens and levels of IgG antibodies in patients with infiltrative tuberculosis of the lungs].

Sixty patients with infiltrative tuberculosis of the lungs showing different dynamics of the process were examined. In the patients with unfavourable process of the disease antigens A2, B13, B16 and DR2 were more frequent than in the patients with favourable process of the disease in whom antigens A9, B12, Cw4 and DR5 were more frequent. It suggested that the presence of antigen DR2 was a certain risk factor as to development of tuberculosis and its presence in tuberculous patients could indicate unfavourable outcome of the disease.