[Evaluation of morphological activity of primary Sjogren's syndrome on bioptates of minor salivary glands].

Background: The results of the morphological study of the minor salivary glands can be used to assess the activity of the primary Sjogren's syndrome and to decide on adequate therapy.The existing protocol of The Sjögren's International Clinical Collaborative Alliance (SICCA) prescribes the methodology for examining biopsy specimens for suspected Sjögren's disease, however, experts interpret data from the analysis of histological preparations differently.

Objective: To identify morphological forms of sialadenitis, as well as to determine the focus score in Russian patients based on the retrospective analysis of minor salivary glands biopsies of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.

[IDENTIFICATION OF PHOSPHOETHANOLAMINE AND PHOSPHOSERINE IN THE BRAIN OF POND FISH PERCCOTTUS GLEHNI (ELEOTRIDAE, PERCIFORMES, DYB. 1877)].

Considerable modifications of the pools of free amino acid and some other compounds in the body ectothermic animals in response to the decrease in temperature are a consequence of the complexity of their adaptation mechanisms. There is no data in the literature on the contribution of such free connections in the low-temperature adaptation of brain ectothermic animals. In a previous study, it was found that as a result of exposure to acute cold shock in the brain eurothermal fish in large numbers appear two ninhydrinpositive compounds of unknown nature.

[Phosphoethanolamine in the brain of the eurythermal pond fish Perccottus glehni (Eleotridae, Perciformes, Dyb. 1877) as a phenomenon depending on temperature factor].

Effects of a seasonal decrease of environmental temperature and cold shock on pools of free amino acids (FAA) was studied in brain of the eurythermal pond fish P. glehni. It is for the first time that in the brain of eurythermal animals the nonprotein amino acid phosphoethanolamine (PEA) was revealed.

[The effect of acute cold shock on the free amino acid pools of pondfish rotan Perccottus glehni (Eleotridae, Perciformes)].

The effect of cold shock on the free amino acid pool of the pondfish P. glehni not adapted to hibernation has been studied. In the beginning of September, after four days of cold shock, a decrease in the blood level of essential amino acids and an increase in the level of alanine and three-fold increase in the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were observed.

[Free amino acids and reducing sugars in the freshwater shrimp Gammarus lacustris (Crustacea, Amphipoda) at the initial stage of preparation to winter season].

A peculiarity of amino acid profile of the cold-resistant freshwater shrimp Gammarus lacustris in the beginning of autumn is a high level of ornithine, the second after alanine (17.0 +/- 1.4 and 22.

[Glycemia and free sugar levels of the goby Perccottus glehni depending on period before the beginning and after the end of hibernation].

Goby Perccottus glehni is one of the most winterhardy species of fresh-water eurythermal fish. Study of grounds of biochemical adaptation of these animals to hibernation under conditions of ice, which are currently absent, are of undoubted for understanding of the nature of hypometabolic states. This work deals with a study of changes in the content of glucose and other free sugars in goby blood and muscle tissue under different physiological states: active, prehibernation, and arousal after experimental cooling to negative near-zero temperature.

[Composition of free amino acids in blood and muscle of gobi Perccottus glehni at the period of preparation and completion of hibernation].

The fresh-water fish gobi Perccottus glehni survives after wintering in ponds frozen in winter until the very bottom. In adaptation of poikilothermal animals to wintering at nearzero temperatures, an essential role is played by free amino acids: accumulation of a high amount of some particular acid at the period of preparation to the state of hibernation can indicate its protector role in the low-temperature adaptation. In the present wok it has been shown that as early as by the end of August in the gobi muscle there occurs a 3-fold increase, as compared with that in July, of concentration of taurine whose pool after this accounts for 50 % of the total pool of the muscle tissue free amino acids.

[Biochemical strategy of survival of the freshwater mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis at near-zero temperatures].

Effect of an autumn-winter decrease of the environmental temperature on changes of the content of free amino acids and reducing sugars was studied in tissue fluids of the freshwater mollusc L. stagnalis. At a decrease of the temperature to 4 and 0 degrees C at the autumn period, concentration of free alanine rose several times; an increase of histidine, glutamate, glycine, and serine concentrations was less pronounced.

[Seasonal variations of free amino acids the content of body flows in the fresh-water mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis].

Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290 RussiaIt has been shown that in the autumn at 0 degrees C, the concentrations of free alanine and histidine of body flows in the freshwater mollusk L. stagnalis was about 3 times as great as in the summer. Lysine were absent in the summer but were registered in autumn at + 4 degrees C, and their concentration increased at 0 degrees C to reach 20.

[Seasonal variation in the content of free reducing sugars in body fluids of freshwater mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis].

Accumulation of certain mono- and disaccharides in body fluids of ectotherms in autumn and winter suggests their protective role in adaptation to near-zero temperatures. In this context, the effect of seasonal temperature variation on the content of free reducing sugars was studied in freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. The summer and autumn carbohydrate spectrum essentially featured high concentrations of fructose and glucose.

[The effect of antifreeze glycoproteins on survival and quality of fish spermatozoa under the conditions of long-term storage at +4 degree C].

It was already shown that antifreeze glycoproteins isolated from the blood of fish occurring in circumpolar regions inhibited the growth of ice crystals both in vitro and in vivo. When the spermatozoa were frozen to liquid nitrogen temperature, addition of antifreeze glycoproteins to cryoconserving media made it possible to decrease twofold the concentration of the synthetic cryoprotector dimethylsulfoxide without the loss and even with a certain increase in the number of viable spermatozoa. This effect was observed in the case of combined, rather than separate, addition of the fraction of weakly active (low molecular weight) and active (high molecular weight) antifreeze glycoproteins.

[Molecular nature of the cryotolerant lake amphipod Gammarus lacustris].

Gammarus lacustris were studied in an attempt to identify the mechanism of subzero temperature adaptation, which enables this species to survive in winter under natural conditions. G. lacustris hemolymph contained a high concentration of glucose (42.

[Study of cryoprotective properties of antifreeze glycoproteins from the white sea cod Gadus morhua on low temperature freezing of mouse embryos].

The effect of antifreeze glycoproteins on morphological preservation and viability of mouse embryos cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen was studied. Cryomicroscopic observations indicated that as distinct from the cryoprotector dimethylsulfoxide antifreeze glycoproteins cause phenomena typical of vitrification (absence of visible crystallization, transparency of medium). The embryos frozen in the presence of freeze glycoproteins had after thawing a higher morphological preservation (87.

[The use of antifreeze glycoproteins in the freezing in liquid nitrogen of early mouse embryos].

The cryoprotective properties of antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) isolated from White Sea cod (Gadus morhua) blood were analyzed. Improved preservation of morphological characteristics was observed in two-cell mouse embryos frozen in the presence of AFGP but without other cryoprotectors. However, subsequent development after thawing was achieved only with embryos frozen in a medium containing both AFGP and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[Action of a UHF field on GABA-ergic and acetylcholinergic systems in synaptic transmission].

It was shown that exposure of rats to microwaves (800 MHz, 16 Hz modulation, 1-3 mW/cm2) decreased muscimol binding with synaptic membranes and reduced acetycholinesterase activity in the rat brain.

[Tetrodotoxin competition with muscimol for the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor].

It has been shown that tetrodotoxin inhibits GABA-receptor binding of muscimol with solubilized membranes of the rat brain in a competitive manner, with the inhibition constant amounting to about 3 nM. Muscimol has been also demonstrated to competitively inhibit 3H-tetrodotoxin binding with the same drug.

[Influence of septo-hippocampal pathway deafferentation on multiple forms of acetylcholinesterase in fascia dentata in the Rabbit].

Electrophoresis separation of membrane acetylcholinesterase in 5% PAAG resulted in five forms of the enzyme differing by electrophoretic mobility and velocity of ACh hydrolysis. The activity of isoforms (I, II) was decreased by 40 and 76, respectively, 4 days after deafferentiation of septo-hippocampal pathways. Changes in the activity were still greater 7 days after deafferentiation as compared with those mentioned above.

[Acetylcholinesterase in the rabbit hippocampal formation after destruction of the septohippocampal connections].

After deafferentation of the septofimbriate introitus to the rabbit hippocamp acetylcholinesterase activity lowers in homogenates and usbcellular fractions within different areas of the hippocampal formation and subiculum. The greatest decrease is observed in homogenates of the denticulate fascia (up to 25% of the norm). In the subcellular fractions the greatest decrease is observed in the activity of the coarse mitochondrial and MHN-20 fractions as compared to the nuclear and microsomal ones.