Publications by authors named "Karanbir Brar"
Background: The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) textbook serves as a comprehensive resource for bariatric surgery, covering recent advancements and clinical questions. Testing artificial intelligence (AI) engines using this authoritative source ensures accurate and up-to-date information and provides insight in its potential implications for surgical education and training.
Objectives: To determine the quality and to compare different large language models' (LLMs) ability to respond to textbook questions relating to bariatric surgery.
Despite decades of clinical usage, selection of patients with drug resistant epilepsy who are most likely to benefit from vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) remains a challenge. The mechanism of action of VNS is dependent upon afferent brainstem circuitry, which comprises a critical component of the Vagus Afferent Network (VagAN). To evaluate the association between brainstem afferent circuitry and seizure response, we retrospectively collected intraoperative data from sub-cortical recordings of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) in 7 children with focal drug resistant epilepsy who had failed epilepsy surgery and subsequently underwent VNS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Brain metastases (BM) from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are frequent and carry significant morbidity, and current management options include varying local and systemic therapies. Here, we performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis to determine the ideal treatment regimen for NSCLC BMs with targetable EGFR-mutations/ALK-rearrangements.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.
Introduction: As many as 30% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) will develop brain metastases (BMs) over the course of their illness. Here, we quantitatively compare the efficacy of the various emerging regimens for NSCLC BMs without a definitive targetable epidermal growth factor receptor mutation/ALK rearrangement.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.
The surgical management of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs) has undergone a paradigm shift toward striving for maximal safe resection when feasible. While extensive observational data supports this transition, unbiased evidence in the form of high quality randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) is lacking. Furthermore, despite a high volume of molecular, genetic, and imaging data, the field of neuro-oncology lacks personalized care algorithms for individuals with DLGGs based on a robust foundation of evidence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Pediatric hydrocephalus is a significant contributor to infant morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. The mainstay of treatment has long been shunt placement for CSF diversion, but recent years have seen the rise of alternative procedures such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), which provides similar efficacy in selected patients. The addition of choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) to ETV has been proposed to increase efficacy, but the evidence of its utility is limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs) are heterogeneous tumors that inevitably differentiate into malignant entities, leading to disability and death. Recently, a shift toward up-front maximal safe resection of DLGGs has been favored. However, this transition is not supported by randomized controlled trial (RCT) data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective option in the management of brain metastases, offering improved overall survival to whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT). However, given the need for active surveillance and the possibility of repeated interventions for local/distant brain recurrences, the balance between clinical benefit and economic impact must be evaluated.
Objective: To conduct a systematic review of health-economic analyses of SRS for brain metastases, compared with other existing intervention options, to determine the cost-effectiveness of this treatment across different clinical scenarios.
Background: Achalasia is a rare primary esophageal dysmotility disorder in children. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a novel endoscopic technique which has shown promising results for treating achalasia in adults. However, limited data on efficacy and safety in pediatric patients are available.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground & Aims: Bariatric surgery has been reported to lead to complete resolution of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) following the sustained weight loss induced in obese patients. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of bariatric surgery on NAFLD in obese patients.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases through May 2018 for studies that compared liver biopsy results before and after bariatric surgery in obese patients.
Background: Excess visceral adipose tissue has been identified as an important risk factor for obesity-related co-morbidities. Conflicting information exists on whether omentectomy added to bariatric surgery is beneficial to metabolic variables.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of omentectomy added to bariatric surgery on metabolic outcomes SETTING: University Hospital, Canada.