Comparing supine CT scanogram and standing long-leg radiograph for postoperative alignment in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective study.

Purpose: Achieving precise postoperative alignment is critical for the long-term success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Long-leg standing radiograph (LLR) at 6 weeks post-op is the gold standard for assessing alignment, but its reliance on weight-bearing and positioning makes it less practical in the early postoperative period. Supine computed tomography scanogram (CTS) offers a potential alternative.

Cellular fate of a plant virus immunotherapy candidate.

Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a plant virus that is currently being developed for intratumoral immunotherapy. CPMV relieves the immune system from tumor-induced immunosuppression; reprograms the tumor microenvironment to an activated state whereby the treated and distant tumors are recognized and eradicated. Toward translational studies, we investigated the safety of CPMV, specifically addressing whether pathogenicity would be induced in mammalian cells.

Impact of Vitamin D Status and Nutrition on the Occurrence of Long Bone Fractures Due to Falls in Elderly Subjects in the Vojvodina Region of Serbia.

Bone fractures are a significant public health issue among elderly subjects. This study examines the impact of diet and vitamin D status on the risk of long bone fractures due to falls in elderly subjects in Vojvodina, Serbia. Conducted at the University Clinical Center of Vojvodina in autumn/winter 2022-2023, the study included 210 subjects >65 years: 105 (F: 80/M: 15) with long bone fractures due to falls and 105 (F: 80/M: 15) controls.

Nonpreferential Solvent Transport through an Intrinsic Cyclodextrin Pore in a Polyester Film.

We performed equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to study the transport of water and hexane solvents through cyclodextrin(CD)-based membranes (α-/β-/γ-CD/TMC). Although it is known that water and hexane can permeate through the macrocyclic cavity, surprisingly, when it is present in the CD-based membrane (α-/β-/γ-CD/TMC), these solvents are not permeating through the CD cavity. Interactions between membrane functional group atoms with the water and hexane suggest that these solvents primarily permeate through the polar aggregate pores formed via ester-linkage rather than the CD cavity.

Chemotherapeutic Potential of Chlorambucil-Platinum(IV) Prodrugs against Cisplatin-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Chlorambucil-platinum(IV) prodrugs exhibit multi-mechanistic chemotherapeutic activity with promising anticancer potential. The platinum(II) precursors of the prodrugs have been previously found to induce changes in the microtubule cytoskeleton, specifically actin and tubulin of HT29 colon cells, while chlorambucil alkylates the DNA. These prodrugs demonstrate significant anticancer activity in 2D cell and 3D spheroid viability assays.

Unraveling Anomalies in Preferential Liquid Transport through the Intrinsic Pores of Cyclodextrin in Polyester Nanofilms.

The precise manipulation of the porous structure of the nanofiltration membrane is critical for unlocking enhanced separation efficiencies across various liquids and solutes. Ultrathin films of crosslinked macrocycles, specifically cyclodextrins (CDs), have drawn considerable attention in this area owing to their ability to facilitate precise molecular separation with high liquid permeance for both polar and non-polar liquids, resembling Janus membranes. However, the functional role of the intrinsic cavity of CD in liquid transport remains inadequately understood, demanding immediate attention in designing nanofiltration membranes.

Anticancer Effect of PtPHEN, Pt5ME, Pt56ME and Their Platinum(IV)-Dihydroxy Derivatives against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Cisplatin-Resistant Colorectal Cancer.

Development of resistance to cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin remains a challenge for their use as chemotherapies, particularly in breast and colorectal cancer. Here, we compare the anticancer effect of novel complexes [Pt(1,10-phenanthroline)(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)](NO) (), [Pt(5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)](NO) () and [Pt(5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)](NO) () and their platinum(IV)-dihydroxy derivatives with cisplatin. Complexes are greater than 11-fold more potent than cisplatin in both 2D and 3D cell line cultures with increased selectivity for cancer cells over genetically stable cells.

Residual biomasses at scale: Ensuring future bioeconomy uses outperform current baseline.

To shift towards low-fossil carbon economies, making more out of residual biomass is increasingly promoted. Yet, it remains unclear if implementing advanced technologies to reuse these streams really achieves net environmental benefits compared to current management practices. By integrating spatially-explicit resource flow analysis, consequential life cycle assessment (LCA), and uncertainty analysis, we propose a single framework to quantify the residual biomass environmental baseline of a territory, and apply it to the case of France.

Delivery of Spherical and Cylindrical Reconstituted Virus-like Particles Containing the Same Self-Amplifying mRNA.

The dramatic effectiveness of recent mRNA (mRNA)-based COVID vaccines delivered in lipid nanoparticles has highlighted the promise of mRNA therapeutics in general. In this report, we extend our earlier work on self-amplifying mRNAs delivered in spherical reconstituted virus-like particles (VLPs), and on drug delivery using cylindrical virus particles. In particular, we carry out separate assemblies of a self-amplifying mRNA gene in two different virus-like particles: one spherical, formed with the capsid protein of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), and the other cylindrical, formed from the capsid protein of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

Leaching of unexpected cyazofamid degradation products into groundwater demonstrates gaps in current pesticide risk assessment.

To investigate the formation and leaching potential of degradation products N,N-dimethylsulfamide (DMS) and dimethylsulfamic acid (DMSA) from cyazofamid under real-world agricultural conditions, the fungicide cyazofamid was applied in a potato crop as part of the Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme (PLAP). Leaching of DMS, DMSA, 4-chloro-5-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbonitrile (CCIM), and 4-chloro-5-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylicacid (CTCA) was monitored in water from the variably saturated zone (suction cups) and groundwater for more than two years following the applications. In total, 424 samples were analyzed for the content of the four degradation products.

Are Hansen solubility parameters relevant in predicting the post-treatment effect on polyamide-based TFC membranes?

This study investigates the impact of solvent post-treatment on polyamide-based thin film composite (TFC) membranes, specifically examining the effect on commercial nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. NaSO rejection and increase in pure water permeance (PWP) were considered as the output parameters. The disparity in Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) between the post-treatment solution and the polyamide layer of the TFC membrane, denoted by Ra, is well adapted to understand the enhancement in water permeance through the membranes upon treatment.

Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of obeticholic acid in subjects with fibrosis or cirrhosis from NASH.

Background & Aims: Fibrosis stage is a strong predictor of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) outcomes. Two blinded studies evaluated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of obeticholic acid (OCA) in subjects with staged NASH fibrosis or cirrhosis.

Methods: Study 747-117 randomized 51 subjects with NASH (fibrosis stages F1-F4) to daily placebo, OCA 10 or OCA 25 mg (1:2:2) for 85 days.

Tracking a spin-polarized superconducting bound state across a quantum phase transition.

The magnetic exchange coupling between magnetic impurities and a superconductor induce so-called Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states which undergo a quantum phase transition (QPT) upon increasing the exchange interaction beyond a critical value. While the evolution through the QPT is readily observable, in particular if the YSR state features an electron-hole asymmetry, the concomitant change in the ground state is more difficult to identify. We use ultralow temperature scanning tunneling microscopy to demonstrate how the change in the YSR ground state across the QPT can be directly observed for a spin-1/2 impurity in a magnetic field.

Evaluating medical students' knowledge of patient-reported outcomes and the impact of curriculum intervention in consecutive cohorts.

Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) collection and utilization improves patient-provider communication, symptom reporting, and patient satisfaction. Despite their significance, the science and utility of PROs are not part of required curriculum in medical education. The authors describe the results of a survey distributed to medical students evaluating their experience, knowledge, and perceptions of PROs, report on outcomes of the impact of formal PRO education on medical student knowledge, and describe strategies to foster the spread of PRO education into other programs.

MagSonic: Hybrid Magnetic-Ultrasonic Wireless Interrogation of Millimeter-Scale Biomedical Implants With Magnetoelectric Transducer.

Wireless interrogation (power and data transfer) of biomedical implants, miniaturized to millimeter (mm) dimensions, is critical for their chronic operation. Achieving simultaneous wireless power and data transfer at deep sites reliably within safety limits for closed-loop sensing/actuation functions of mm-sized implants is challenging. To enable this operation, a hybrid magnetic-ultrasonic interrogation approach (called MagSonic) is realized through a single magnetoelectric (ME) transducer at the implant that can generate and receive both magnetic field and ultrasound.

Hypoxia-Directed and Self-Immolative Theranostic Agent: Imaging and Treatment of Cancer and Bacterial Infections.

The impact of bacteria on cancer progression and treatment is becoming increasingly recognized. Cancer-associated bacteria are linked to metastases, reduced efficacy, and survival challenges. In this study, we present a sensitive hypoxia-activated prodrug, , which comprises an antibiotic combined with a chemotherapeutic.

Does "Hoarding" Impact Interview Distribution Among Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants? A Modeling Study Based on a Large Database.

Background: "Interview hoarding" is commonly used to refer to the concentration of interview offers among a small number of high-performing residency applicants. Theoretically, if the same applicants interview at every program, fewer rank lists will be submitted than open residency positions, leading to a "match crisis" with unfilled positions after the match. There are no published studies we are aware of that describe the observed distribution of residency interview offers among orthopaedic surgery applicants or the potential impact of "hoarding" on that distribution.

IMC based modified Smith predictor for second order delay dominated processes with RHP.

A modified Smith predictor (MSP) with IMC based tuning is proposed for second order delay dominated processes. These processes often exhibit unstable behaviour due to right half poles (RHP) with positive or negative zeros. The control scheme incorporates forward path PI/PID controller with a lead-lag filter and a PD controller in the feedback path.

Yolk Sac Tumour Arising in the Glans Penis an Achondroplasic Child: A Case Report with Summary of Prior Published Cases.

Background: Yolk sac tumors (YST) are commonly encountered gonadal germ cell tumors in children, especially in the prepubertal age group. In addition to gonadal primary, it can occur in multiple extragonadal sites, of which sacrococcygeal, retroperitoneum, gastric and mediastinum are the commonest. There are 4 previous reports of primary penile YST.

Semiaromatic Polyamide-Based Membrane in Forward Osmosis: Molecular Insights.

Despite the increased interest in forward osmosis (FO) in recent years, the technology's advancement in commercial and industrial applications has been hampered by the absence of suitable FO membranes and ideal draw solutes, which demands the exploration of new membranes and novel draw solutes targeted for some specific applications. In this context, we considered a semiaromatic polyamide (SAPA) for an application where monovalent salt can be permeated but has high selectivity toward divalent salt and excellent water permeability. In this regard, we constructed an atomistic model for the membrane via a heuristic approach using an equilibrated mixture of hydrolyzed trimesoyl chloride and piperazine monomers and performed nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations on the SAPA membrane in the FO process to understand the structural properties and performance of the membrane at the atomistic level.

High-Performance Thermomagnetic Gd-Si-Ge Alloys.

Exploring low-grade waste heat energy harvesting is crucial to address increasing environmental concerns. Thermomagnetic materials are magnetic phase change materials that enable energy harvesting from low-temperature gradients. To achieve a high thermomagnetic conversion efficiency, there are three main material requirements: (i) magnetic phase transition near room temperature, (ii) substantial change in magnetization with temperature, and (iii) high thermal conductivity.

Over-Application and Interviewing in the 2021 United States Primary Care Virtual Recruitment Season.

Importance Over-application and interviewing are believed to be widespread in residency recruitment. These may have increased during the 2021 virtual recruitment season. The increase does not correspond to an increase in available residency positions and likely results in more interviews with low probabilities of yielding matches.