Publications by authors named "Karan P Singh"

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurological disorder globally. Defining features include tremor, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, which in combination with nonmotor symptoms such as cognitive impairment and orthostatic hypotension increase the risk of falls. Along with low bone mineral density, fracture risk is high in PD.

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  • Bleeding in the pleural space can lead to retained hemothorax (RH), causing lung issues and shortness of breath due to clot formation.
  • Researchers tested single-chain urokinase (scuPA) for intrapleural clot dissolution in a rabbit model, comparing its effectiveness against another agent, single-chain tissue plasminogen activator (sctPA).
  • Results indicated that delivering two doses of scuPA was more effective than a single higher dose, and both agents were equally capable of clearing clots and promoting fluid drainage, though more clinical trials are needed to determine the best treatment approach.
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Importance: Epidemiologic data suggest an association of obesity with breast cancer (BC); however, obesity's contribution to early onset and risk of diagnosis with specific molecular subtypes by race is uncertain.

Objective: To examine the race-specific association of body mass index with early onset and diagnosis of specific molecular subtypes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study included patients with BC diagnosed between October 1, 2017, and March 31, 2022, at 3 University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute clinics.

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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted healthcare professionals to implement service delivery adaptations to remain in compliance with safety regulations. Though many adaptations in service delivery were reported throughout the literature, a wide variety of terminology and definitions were used.

Methods: To address this, we conducted a PRISMA review to identify service delivery adaptations across behavioral healthcare services in the United States from March 2020 to May 2022 and to identify variations in terminology used to describe these adaptations.

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Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with various microvascular and macrovascular complications. Stroke, being a vascular complication, is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a crude, inexpensive, and rather easily available modality to detect inflammation, has been utilized to find the extent of inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

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Objectives: Meta-analysis is a statistical appraisal of the data analytic implications of published articles (Y), estimating parameters including the odds ratio and relative risk. This information is helpful for evaluating the significance of the findings. The Higgins I2 index is often used to measure heterogeneity among studies.

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Retained hemothorax (RH) is a commonly encountered and potentially severe complication of intrapleural bleeding that can organize with lung restriction. Early surgical intervention and intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy have been advocated. However, the lack of a reliable, cost-effective model amenable to interventional testing has hampered our understanding of the role of pharmacological interventions in RH management.

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Background: In patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with sepsis, lung recovery is considerably delayed, and mortality is much high. More insight into the process of lung regeneration in ARDS patients is needed. Exosomes are important cargos for intercellular communication by serving as autocrine and/or paracrine.

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Background: Literature presents limited information on histological subtypes and their association with other factors influencing the survival of melanoma patients. To explore the risk of death due to melanoma associated with histological subtypes, this retrospective study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER) data from 1998 to 2019.

Methods: A total of 27,532 patients consisting of 15,527 males and 12,005 females.

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Background: The objective of the study was to measure the risk of death due to COVID-19 in relation to individuals' characteristics, and severity of their disease during the dominant periods of Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants have influenced mortality rates.

Methods: This study was conducted using COVID-19 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Case Surveillance Public Data Taskforce for 57 states, and United States territories between January 1, 2020 and March 20, 2022. Multivariable binary Hyperbolastic regression of type I was used to analyzes the data.

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Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health issue for service members deployed and is more common in recent conflicts; however, a thorough understanding of risk factors and trends is not well described. This study aims to characterize the epidemiology of TBI in U.S.

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Background: Increases in fatal synthetic opioid overdoses over the past 8 years have left states scrambling for effective means to curtail these deaths. Many states have implemented policies and increased service capacity to address this rise. To better understand the effectiveness of policy level interventions we estimated the impact of the presence of naloxone access laws (NALs) on synthetic opioid fatalities at the state level.

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  • The study examines trends in consumer product-related traumatic brain injuries (TBI) among school-aged children from 2000 to 2019, revealing a significant increase in such injuries over the years.
  • Around 6.2 million children visited emergency departments for consumer product-related TBI, with a rising incidence rate particularly among males, while females showed a higher average annual percentage change.
  • The findings indicate that while TBI rates peaked in 2012 and subsequently declined for males, they remained stable for females, suggesting a need for targeted prevention efforts, especially for female children.
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  • Pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) can transform into myofibroblasts through a process called mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MesoMT), which is linked to lung fibrosis, but their specific role in this process is not well understood.
  • In this study, researchers found that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) significantly increases the expression of calponin 1 in human PMCs, which is associated with the formation of stress fibers crucial for their contractile function.
  • The findings suggest that calponin 1 is key to the differentiation of PMCs into contractile myofibroblasts, contributing to the rigidity of scar tissue in the pleura and thus
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This article provides a thorough explanation of methods and theoretical concepts to detect infectivity of COVID-19. The concept of heterogeneity is discussed and its impacts on COVID-19 pandemics are explored. Observable heterogeneity is distinguished from non-observable heterogeneity.

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Introduction: Hydrogen peroxide is a common oxidizing agent that if ingested may cause injury to the gastrointestinal tract or embolic events. Although therapy is primarily supportive, gastric perforation is a rare but serious complication of corrosive ingestion that may require surgical treatment.

Case Report: We report the case of a 77-year-old male who presented for nausea and vomiting after accidentally ingesting approximately 150 milliliters of 35% hydrogen peroxide.

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We present a restricted infection rate inverse binomial-based approach to better predict COVID-19 cases after a family gathering. The traditional inverse binomial (IB) model is inappropriate to match the reality of COVID-19, because the collected data contradicts the model's requirement that variance should be larger than the expected value. Our version of an IB model is more appropriate, as it can accommodate all potential data scenarios in which the variance is smaller, equal, or larger than the mean.

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Objective: Describe etiologies and trends in non-battle deaths (NBD) among deployed U.S. service members to identify areas for prevention.

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  • - The study tracked 839 household contacts of TB patients over 2 years to identify risk factors for developing TB, revealing that most cases were in individuals aged 15 to 30.
  • - It was found that those who progressed to TB had lower levels of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and produced less IL-1α when exposed to TB antigens, which indicates a possible immune response impairment.
  • - The research suggests that low thyroid hormone levels may increase the risk of developing active TB, particularly in young individuals, as demonstrated by experiments on mutant mice with altered thyroid hormone receptors.
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Background: Challenges to manage, mitigate, or prevent the COVID-19's pandemics are felt by medical, healthcare professionals and governing agencies. Health researchers conduct survey among the citizens to capture their opinion on COVID-19. In such surveys like in Hanafiah and Wan (2020), structural-zero (different from sampling zero) category occurs as they question about perception, knowledge, and communication regarding COVID-19.

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Late diagnosis, unreliable prognostic assessment, and poorly-guided therapeutic planning result in dismal survival of ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Therefore, identifying novel functional biomarker(s) is highly desired for improved clinical management. MYB is an oncogenic transcription factor with emerging functional significance in OC.

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