Patterns and Outcomes in Pediatric Abdominal Tuberculosis: A Single Centre Cohort Study.

Introduction: Abdominal tuberculosis presents in a variety of ways. Different testing modalities must be applied in addition to having a high clinical suspicion to diagnose and initiate therapy. Medications have a good response; however, morbidity has been seen following surgical management of complicated presentations like intestinal obstruction and perforation.

Alloplastic Facial Implants.

As the face ages, there is thinning of the epidermis, volume loss and rearrangement of the soft tissues, and malabsorption of the skeletal framework. It is essential to have a thorough understanding of the aging process for successful facial augmentation and rejuvenation. Alloplastic implants can be used to provide a long-lasting solution for augmentation of skeletal deficiencies, restoration of facial irregularities, and rejuvenation of the face.

Solid Midfacial Implants: When Fillers Are Not Enough.

The aging process results in volumetric changes on multiple levels of the face including the skin, soft tissue, and underlying facial skeleton. Malar and mandibular augmentation with facial fillers and alloplastic implants are two treatment options used to achieve the goal of volume enhancement. Noninvasive modalities have become increasingly popular due to the availability of office-based options that require a limited understanding of facial aesthetics, a basic grasp of the mechanisms behind the aging process, and no level of surgical expertise or training.

Reshaping of the Broad and Bulbous Nasal Tip.

This article presents a contemporary overview of tip suturing and tip structural grafting techniques used to refine the wide nasal tip. Previous reductive techniques have proved to produce unnatural results over time. It is imperative to correctly evaluate the nose and assess all possible pitfalls during the preoperative period before outlining a surgical plan.

The role of fillers in facial implant surgery.

Alloplastic facial implants and injectable fillers are currently used for facial rejuvenation and augmentation. Their respective roles in augmentation and volume replacement of the chin and midface are discussed. Treatment goals, patient selection, procedures, and patient recovery are detailed.

Zonal analysis of facial asymmetry and its clinical significance in facial plastic surgery.

Objectives: To describe common patterns of facial asymmetry and to augment the facial analysis paradigm for improved preoperative counseling and surgical planning.

Methods: We conducted a frontal photographic analysis of 50 patients who were seeking various types of facial cosmetic surgical procedures. The horizontal zonal thirds of the face were analyzed, and the bilateral data points were compared in regard to brow height, width of midface at maximum distance, malar eminence height,nasal alar height, and mandible width measured from the oral commissure to the gonial angle.

Vacuum-assisted closure therapy in the management of head and neck wounds.

Objectives: The wound vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) has been used in many areas of surgery to promote healing and facilitate secondary reconstruction. Until recently, this treatment modality was overlooked in the otolaryngology literature, and the authors propose that its use should be routine in the treatment of complex head and neck wounds.

Study Design: An unbiased cohort study without conflict of interest at two tertiary care centers.

Use of single nucleotide polymorphism arrays to identify a novel region of loss on chromosome 6q in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity.

Background: A subset of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma(SCC), often of young age yet lacking a history of carcinogen exposure, has been identified, with no clear etiology for tumor development.

Methods: To identify somatic genetic alterations unique to this patient population, we performed a high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, quantitative PCR of the E6 and E7 regions of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, sequencing of the IVSF-4+ locus of the FANC-C gene, and microsatellite analysis for 18 nonsmoking patients, age 23 to 57 years (median age, 39 years). We compared these results with oral SCC from 17 patients 47 to 81 (median, 64) years of age with significant tobacco exposure (>40 pack-years) to identify unique genetic alterations for each group.

Ameloblastic carcinoma of the maxilla.

The maxilla is an unusual site for an ameloblastoma, and certainly for an ameloblastic carcinoma. Ameloblastomas are considered as benign, yet locally aggressive neoplasms in the vast majority of cases. However, very rarely, these tumors demonstrate a clinical course of malignancy.

Mitochondrial DNA alterations in thyroid cancer.

Background: Alterations in mitochondrial DNA have been identified in a number of solid tumor types, including gastric, head and neck, breast, colorectal, lung, and bladder carcinomas. Recently, a homopolymeric C stretch (D310) located within the noncoding D-loop of the mitochondrial genome was identified and described as a mutational hotspot. The objective of the present study was to examine a series of thyroid cancers for genetic alterations in this region.