Dietary Thymol Supplementation Promotes Antioxidant Responses and Thermal Stress Resistance in Rainbow Trout, .

Rainbow trout fingerlings were fed, in triplicate, diets supplemented with 0 (CTL), 50 (50 TM), 100 (100 TM), 200 (200 TM), 400 (400 TM) and 800 (800 TM) mg/kg of thymol, followed by 48 h of thermal stress. Growth performance and humoral immunological parameters showed no significant responses to dietary thymol concentrations. Fish fed 50-400 mg/kg thymol diets had significantly higher survival after heat stress.

Advances in Nrf2 Signaling Pathway by Targeted Nanostructured-Based Drug Delivery Systems.

Nanotechnology has gained significant interest in various applications, including sensors and therapeutic agents for targeted disease sites. Several pathological consequences, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune diseases, and many others, are mostly driven by inflammation and Nrf2, and its negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), plays a crucial role in maintaining redox status, the expression of antioxidant genes, and the inflammatory response. Interestingly, tuning the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) system can affect immune-metabolic mechanisms.

A rabbit model of ear otitis established using the strain C23 from dogs.

Background And Aim: Fungal infections are a growing problem for both humans and animals due to the emergence of pathogenic strains resistant to modern antifungal treatments. To evaluate the efficacy of new antifungal drugs, it is essential to develop animal models that demonstrate typical responses to both the infection (pathogenesis and clinical course) and to the treatment, including adverse effects. In this study, we established a rabbit otitis model by infection of an aggressive multidrug-resistant strain from dogs, C23, with no need for concomitant immunosuppression.

[Correction of refractive disorders after surgical treatment of recurrent pterygium (case study)].

Lamellar keratoplasty is the most effective and safe method of surgical treatment of recurrent pterygium, providing restoration of the corneal frame and optical properties and a high anti-relapse effect due to the barrier properties of the lamellar graft. However, potential postoperative changes in the regularity of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea (especially in case of advanced stage of fibrovascular tissue growth) do not always allow achieving high functional results of treatment. The article presents a clinical case that demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of excimer laser correction of refractive disorders after surgical treatment of pterygium.

In Vitro Activity of Farnesol against Isolates from Otitis Externa Cases in Dogs.

Chronic otitis externa of dogs is a significant problem due to the prevalence and complexity of the treatment of such animals. There is evidence that in 60-80% of cases of infectious diseases microorganisms located in the biofilm phenotype play the main role. Microorganisms in the biofilm phenotype have a number of advantages, the most significant of which is considered to be increased resistance to various external factors.

Enhancement of the antifungal activity of some antimycotics by farnesol and reduction of pathogenicity in a quail model experiment.

Background And Aim: Clinical strains of microorganisms, including pathogenic yeast-like fungi (YLF), are resistant to currently used antifungal agents. Thus, it is relevant to study the combinations of existing antimicrobial drugs and a medicinal extract of plant origin (farnesol). In previous studies, farnesol showed a relatively strong anti-biofilm effect against .

Reduction in Pathogenicity in Yeast-like Fungi by Farnesol in Quail Model.

was the first eukaryotic microorganism to exhibit quorum-sensing through the secretion of the sesquiterpene E, farnesol. This molecule is generated by dephosphorylation of farnesyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway in mammalian and yeast cells. Exogenous farnesol inhibits yeast-to-hyphal formation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner at the earliest stage of hyphal development.

Patterned Drug-Eluting Coatings for Tracheal Stents Based on PLA, PLGA, and PCL for the Granulation Formation Reduction: In Vivo Studies.

Expandable metallic stent placement is often the only way to treat airway obstructions. Such treatment with an uncoated stent causes granulation proliferation and subsequent restenosis, resulting in the procedure's adverse complications. Systemic administration of steroids drugs in high dosages slows down granulation tissue overgrowth but leads to long-term side effects.

Role of microorganisms isolated from cows with mastitis in Moscow region in biofilm formation.

Background And Aim: Mastitis is one of the most important diseases of cows and the most expensive pathology for the dairy industry. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the role of microorganisms isolated from cows with mastitis in the formation of biofilms under the conditions of farm biogeocenosis in the Moscow region.

Materials And Methods: Periodic visits to 12 farms in the Moscow region were conducted to explore the microbial profile of the udder of cows with mastitis.

Immune-inflammatory concept of the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy is common in dogs. This form of cardiomyopathy is the main cause of death due to heart disease in dogs. Death can occur suddenly in clinically normal animals as a result of the progression of congestive heart failure (CHF).

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Encephalitis: a Comparative Study of Indication, Efficacy and Safety.

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a well-established method of treatment for steroid-refractory relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Little is known about indications and clinical responses to TPE in autoimmune encephalitis and other immune-mediated disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with immune-mediated disorders of the CNS undergoing TPE at our tertiary care center between 2003 and 2015.

A novel intracellular pH-responsive formulation for FTY720 based on PEGylated graphene oxide nano-sheets.

Objective: This study was performed to investigate a novel pH-responsive nanocarrier based on modified nano graphene oxide (nGO) to promote the acid-triggered intracellular release of a poorly soluble drug, FTY720.

Methods: To synthesize a drug conjugated to modified nGO, first the polyethylene glycol (PEG) was conjugated to nGO, then the produced PEG-nGO was functionalized with the anticancer drug, FTY720, through amide bonding. It was characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the atomic force microscopy (AFM), the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the UV-vis spectroscopy.

Autoimmune Encephalitis at the Neurological Intensive Care Unit: Etiologies, Reasons for Admission and Survival.

Background: Early recognition and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) has become an essential issue in clinical practice. However, little is known about patients with deteriorating conditions and the need for intensive care treatment. Here, we aimed to characterize underlying aetiologies, clinical symptoms, reasons for intensive care admission, and mortality of critically ill patients with AE.

Causes of death in critically ill multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience higher mortality rates as compared to the general population. While the risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission is also reported to be higher, little is known about causes of death CoD in critically ill MS patients.

Aim: To study the causes of death (CoD) in the series of critically ill patients with MS verified by autopsy.

Sigmoid Sinus Characteristics Correlate with Early Clinical and Imaging Surrogates in Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke.

Cerebral venous outflow may play a decisive role in acute ischemic stroke. Here, we assessed the relation of cerebral sinus vein characteristics with clinical and imaging surrogates of early outcome in acute ischemic stroke. We evaluated cerebral vein characteristics in 212 patients with the middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusive stroke confirmed by CT angiography CTA within 6 h from symptom onset.

[Intraocular pressure, ocular blood flow, and corneal biomechanics changes after LASIK surgery for myopia].

Aim: to study changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), volumetric ocular blood flow (OBF) rate, and biomechanical properties of the cornea after excimer laser ablation in patients with myopia of different degrees.

Material And Methods: A total of 16 patients (32 eyes) with myopia ranging from 2.75 to 9.

Critical Illness in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Matched Case-Control Study.

Background: Over the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) several conditions may arise that require critical care. We aimed to study the reasons for admission and outcome in patients with MS admitted to a neuro-intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods: We retrospectively searched the electronic charts of a 9-bedded NICU in a tertiary hospital for patients with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) from 1993-2015, and matched them to NICU controls without MS based on age and gender.

Participation of beta-endorphin in the regulation of conditioned reflex activity of cats.

The role of beta-endorphin in the regulation of conditioned instrumental food-procuring reactions and more complex forms of nervous activity such as reflexes of choice of the side of reinforcement was studied in cats. It was established that the subcutaneous injection of small doses of beta-endorphin (10 micrograms/kg, 15 x 10(-6) micrograms/kg) exerts a facilitatory nonspecialized effect on positive and negative food-procuring conditioned reflexes that has an overall adaptive character overall. The influence of the same doses of beta-endorphin on conditioned reflexes of choice is more complex in character, depending upon the initial level of conditioned reflex activity and on the typological features of the experimental animals.