[Exocrine meets neuroendocrine: mimickers of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms].

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) originate from various epithelial or neuroectodermal tissues, can occur in any organ, including the pancreas, and are characterized by the expression of the neuroendocrine markers synaptophysin and chromogranin A. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are well-differentiated epithelial neoplasms with morphological and immunohistochemical features of neuroendocrine differentiation of low, intermediate, or high grade. Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs) are clinically aggressive, high-grade (poorly differentiated) carcinomas with morphologic features suggesting neuroendocrine differentiation, a high proliferative rate (> 20 mitoses per 2 mm and Ki67 index > 20%), and immunohistochemical labeling for neuroendocrine markers.

Phenotyping of tumor-associated macrophages in colorectal cancer: Impact on single cell invasion (tumor budding) and clinicopathological outcome.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play a controversial role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). In particular, the microlocalization, polarization and prognostic impact of TAM in the immediate environment of invading CRC cells has not yet been established. To address this clinically relevant question, intraepithelial (iCD68) and stromal macrophages (sCD68), M1-macrophages (iNOS), M2-macrophages (CD163), cytokeratin-positive cancer cells (tumor buds) and expression of the anti-phagocytic marker CD47 were investigated in primary tumors of 205 well-characterized CRC patients.

Long-term outcome of patients with clinical stage I high-risk nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors 15 years after one adjuvant cycle of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy.

Background: To report the long-term results of adjuvant treatment with one cycle of modified bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) in patients with clinical stage I (CS I) nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors (NSGCT) at high risk of relapse.

Patients And Methods: In a single-arm, phase II clinical trial, 40 patients with CS I NSGCT with vascular invasion and/or >50% embryonal cell carcinoma in the orchiectomy specimen received one cycle of adjuvant BEP (20 mg/m(2) bleomycin as a continuous infusion over 24 h, 120 mg/m(2) etoposide and 40 mg/m(2) cisplatin each on days 1-3). Primary end point was the relapse rate.

HOX D13 expression across 79 tumor tissue types.

HOX genes control normal development, primary cellular processes and are characterized by a unique genomic network organization. Locus D HOX genes play an important role in limb generation and mesenchymal condensation. Dysregulated HOXD13 expression has been detected in breast cancer, melanoma, cervical cancer and astrocytomas.

Chromosomal instability in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas: a fluorescent in situ hybridization study using a tissue microarray approach.

Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [MALT] lymphomas) of the gastrointestinal tract have been known to have characteristic chromosomal aberrations including trisomies of chromosomes 3, 12, and 18. However, knowledge of the clinical significance of cytogenetic changes in MALT lymphomas is still limited. In the present study, the frequency of the numeric and structural aberrations of the chromosomes 1, 3, 12, 18 and X and of the MALT1 gene as well as their potential clinical significance were analyzed by using fluorescent in situ hybridization on a tissue microarray containing 257 tissue samples from 203 cases of surgically resected primary gastric lymphomas including 115 cases of MALT lymphomas, 88 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs, 75 with an associated MALT lymphoma, so-called ex-MALT DLBCL, and 13 de novo), and 54 controls cases of Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis.

Long-term followup results of 1 cycle of adjuvant bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy for high risk clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis.

Purpose: We evaluated the long-term outcome after 1 cycle of adjuvant modified bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy in patients who underwent orchiectomy for high risk clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis.

Materials And Methods: Between 1995 and 1999 a consecutive series of 44 patients underwent orchiectomy for clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis, followed by a single postoperative cycle of adjuvant modified bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin for vascular or lymphatic tumor invasion, and/or a predominance (50% or greater) of embryonal carcinoma.

Results: Four of the 44 patients were excluded from analysis.

[Unexpected tumour of the distal esophagus].

We report a patient with unexpected intraoperative diagnosis of a big leiomyoma of the distal esophagus found during laparoscopic repair of a typ III hiatal hernia complicated by Cameron ulcer and chronic anaemia. Laparoscopic transhiatal enucleation of the tumour was performed with closure of the myotomy, Nissen fundoplication, and crural repair. Briefly, the literature of leiomyoma of the esophagus is reviewed with special regard to different therapeutic strategies.

Leydig-cell tumour in children: variable clinical presentation, diagnostic features, follow-up and genetic analysis of four cases.

Background: Testicular tumours are relatively uncommon in infants and children, accounting for only 1-2% of all paediatric solid tumours. Of these approximately 1.5% are Leydig-cell tumours.