Effect of desmopressin on water and solute circadian rhythms in treatment-naïve children with monosymptomatic enuresis and nocturnal polyuria.

Background: Enuresis has a complex pathophysiology involving nocturnal polyuria, reduced bladder capacity at nighttime, and impaired arousability. Desmopressin has long been used as a treatment. However, approximately 30% of children do not fully respond to it, suggesting the involvement of other factors.

Transition in enuresis patients: Identifying the gaps and opportunities for the future.

Background: Nocturnal enuresis is generally considered a children's condition, yet it may persist 1%-2% in adolescence and early adulthood. Refractory patients often demand follow-up by multidisciplinary teams, which is only restricted to some of the expert tertiary centers. However, there are no standardized transition programs/guidelines when follow-up must be passed from pediatric to adult healthcare providers.

The development of the Belgian paediatric clinical trial network.

Paediatric clinical trials are critical to ensure that medications prescribed to children are safe and effective. However, evidence-based dosing and labelling of such medications remain limited, and most clinical trials in paediatrics fail. Factors for lack of trial completion include performance at site level (limited patient recruitment, limited site staff experience and lack of infrastructure), the sponsor team (limited paediatric specific expertise in design, uncertainties on robustness of biomarkers or outcome variables) as well as regulatory and administrative burdens.

First uninterrupted sleep period in children and adolescents with nocturnal enuresis: Added value in diagnosis and follow-up during therapy.

Background: The first uninterrupted sleep period (FUSP, time up to the first episode of enuresis/nocturia after falling asleep) is a frequently investigated parameter in adults with nocturia, as it correlates with quality of life. However, it has not been included in pediatric enuresis studies.

Aim: Investigate FUSP, circadian renal water and sodium handling, as well as sleep quality before and after desmopressin therapy in enuresis.

Epidemiology and clinicopathological characteristics of native kidney disease in children in Flanders, Belgium.

Background: The Flemish Collaborative Glomerulonephritis Group (FCGG) registry is a population-based kidney biopsy registry that has been including all native kidney biopsies performed in children in Flanders (Belgium), since 2017.

Methods: From 2017 to 2020, 148 pediatric (< 18 years) native kidney biopsies were included. Each biopsy received a histopathological and final nephrological diagnosis, and concordance between both was assessed.

Circadian rhythm of water and solute excretion in nocturnal enuresis.

Background: Nocturnal polyuria (NP) due to a suppressed vasopressin circadian rhythm is a well-documented pathogenetic mechanism in enuresis, mainly studied in monosymptomatic enuresis. A substantial percentage of patients do not respond to desmopressin. This suggests that NP may not only be related to vasopressin, but that other kidney components play a role.

Impact of New vs. Old International Children's Continence Society Standardization on the Classification of Treatment Naïve Enuresis Children at Screening: The Value of Voiding Diaries and Questionnaires.

Unlabelled: Expert consensus papers recommend differentiating enuresis using questionnaires and voiding diaries into non- (NMNE) and monosymptomatic enuresis (MNE) is crucial at intake to decide the most appropriate workout and treatment. This national, Belgian, prospective study investigates the correlation, consistency, and added value of the two methods, the new against the old International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) definitions, and documents the prevalence of the two enuresis subtypes in our population. Ninety treatment-naïve enuretic children were evaluated with the questionnaire, and the voiding diary and the two clinical management tools were compared.