M1 muscarinic receptor for the development of auditory cortical function.

The sensory cortex is subject to continuous remodelling during early development and throughout adulthood. This process is important for establishing normal brain function and is dependent on cholinergic modulation via muscarinic receptors. Five muscarinic receptor genes encode five unique receptor subtypes (M1-5).

Prevalence of non-organ-specific autoantibodies in patients with pemphigus vulgaris.

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially life-threatening, organ-specific, autoimmune, blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes. Although several reports suggest an association between pemphigus and other autoimmune connective tissue disorders, studies that measure non-organ-specific autoantibodies are lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, and antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) in PV patients.