Central tegmental tract hyperintensity: follow-up outcomes from a single-center study.

Purpose: To evaluate the follow-up outcomes of symmetrical central tegmental tract hyperintensity (CTTH) and discuss possible etiological factors involved.

Methods: Brain MRI scans of 7028 pediatric patients aged 0 to 18 years obtained between July 2015 and May 2020, were reviewed retrospectively for the presence of CTTH. Clinical data of the patients were retrieved from the hospital information system.

Challenging treatment of parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma with leptomeningeal metastasis: Case report and review of literature.

Parameningeal rhabdomyosarcomas (PM RMSs) are rarely seen childhood tumors. Their treatment might be challenging and prognosis is poor compared to other head and neck RMS. Here we report a PM RMS presenting with leptomeningeal seeding metastasis a year after diagnosis.

Evaluation of the Differences in the MRI Findings Related to Primary and Secondary Adhesive Capsulitis.

The aim of this study is to describe the radiological findings of adhesive capsulitis due to different etiological factors and reveal that different clues due to different etiological causes should be considered in the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis. The study group comprised 24 primary and 22 supraspinatus tendon rupture-related adhesive capsulitis patients with 24 individuals without adhesive capsulitis and with normal shoulder magnetic resonance imaging. Independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance tests were used to compare the measurements between the groups.

Evaluation of ocular blood flow by Doppler ultrasound in patients with essential blepharospasm.

Purpose: Benign essential blepharospasm (EB) is a focal facial dyskinesia that occurs with the involuntary contraction of muscles around the eyes. In the literature, studies on blepharospasm focus on elucidating the pathophysiology of this condition in the brain. To the best of our knowledge, there is no research evaluating the orbital imaging findings of patients with EB.

ATYPICAL MRI FINDINGS IN CEREBRAL ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY: A CASE REPORT.

Adrenoleukodystrophy is a rare X-linked hereditary disease that results in accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids in all body tissues, thus causing demyelination of the white matter. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a reliable radiological modality to demonstrate the extension of brain lesions and severity of the disease. In the classic form, the parieto-occipital white matter is affected.

Acute transverse myelitis after inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.

Vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been rapidly developed to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is increasing safety concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccines. We report a 78-year old woman who was presented with tetraparesis, paresthesias of bilateral upper extremities, and urinary retention of one-day duration.

The role of lateralisation and sex on insular cortex: 3D volumetric analysis.

Background/aim: The insula has attracted the attention of many neuroimaging studies because of its key role between brain structures. However, the number of studies investigating the effect of sex and laterality on insular volume is insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in insular volume between sexes and hemispheres.

An infant with intradural extramedullary synovial sarcoma: the youngest case in the literature.

Yalçın K, Tüysüz G, Kazan S, Gürer Eİ, Karaali K, Küpesiz A, Güler E. An infant with intradural extramedullary synovial sarcoma: the youngest case in the literature. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 765-770.

Contribution of the Mesencephalon Indices to Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonian Disorders.

Background And Purpose: This study aimed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of brain stem morphologic changes to differentiate the progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) from Parkinson disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), by single and combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements.

Materials And Methods: Peduncle angle (PA), pons area (P), mesencephalon area (M), middle cerebellar peduncles (MCPs), and superior cerebellar peduncles (SCPs) were measured in 14 PSP, 43 PD, 8 MSA patients, and 45 age-matched control participants on T1-weighted MRI. Neurologists clinically diagnosed all patients.

Pediatric Tonsillar Synovial Sarcoma- Very Rare Localization: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Tonsillar synovial sarcoma is an extremely rare entity and only 9 adult patients have been reported up to now. Here, we describe the first pediatric tonsillar synovial sarcoma of the literature in a patient who presented with a 2-month history of dysphagia and snoring. Clinical and radiological examinations showed that the tumor arose from the right palatine tonsil and narrowed the parapharyngeal space.

Disseminated Cryptococcosis With Severe Increased Intracranial Pressure Complicated With Cranial Nerve Palsy in a Child.

Cryptococcosis is less common in children than in adults but remains an important cause of pneumonia and meningoencephalitis in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Intracranial hypertension commonly complicates cryptococcal meningitis and may cause significant visual and neurologic morbidity and mortality. Early and aggressive management of intracranial hypertension in accordance with established guidelines reduces the risk of long-term complications and death.

The interaction between breathing and swallowing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The aim of the study is to determine the association between respiratory swallow patterns in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Furthermore, it aims to clarify the role of the dysphagia limit in defining the relationship between swallowing disorders and respiratory disorders. Functional rating scales were used to describe swallowing and respiratory function.

Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation Related to Post-Hypoxic Thalamic Lesion in a Child.

Central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) is a rare clinical condition, whose mechanism is still unclear. Here, we report a 3-year-old male patient, who had bilateral thalamic, putaminal and globus pallideal infarction resulted in CNH without brainstem involvement. This case may illustrate a possible role for the thalamus in regulating ventilation.

UNUSUAL CLINICAL CASES THAT MIMIC ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated monophasic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system which poses a diagnostic challenge. We report on six cases of different etiologies that mimicked the clinical and radiologic findings of ADEM. The cases were collected from four different reference hospitals in Turkey.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of two sisters with Van der Knaap leukoencephalopathy.

Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts, or Van der Knaap leukoencephalopathy, is a rare disease which is characterised by macrocephaly and neurological disorders with autosomal recessive inheritance. Magnetic resonance imaging is very helpful for determining distinctive findings and distinguishing other diseases. We present the radiological findings of two sisters (aged 6 and 10 years) diagnosed with Van der Knaap leukoencephalopathy.

Perinatal Diagnostic Approach to Fetal Skeletal Dysplasias: Six Years Experience of a Tertiary Center.

Skeletal dysplasias (SDs) constitute a group of heterogeneous disorders affecting growth morphology of the chondro-osseous tissues. Prenatal diagnosis of SD is a considerable clinical challenge due to phenotypic variability. We performed a retrospective analysis of the fetal autopsies series conducted between January 2006 and December 2012 at our center.

Epidural capillary hemangioma: A review of the literature.

Hemangiomas in the spinal epidural area are very rare lesions, and most of these lesions are of the cavernous type. Only seven cases of capillary hemangiomas have been reported in the English literature, and all of these cases occurred in adulthood. Here, we report on a 17-month-old girl who presented with an inability to walk.

Venous drainage patterns in carotid cavernous fistulas.

Purpose. The carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal arteriovenous communication and its drainage pathways may affect the clinic presentation and change treatment approach. We evaluated drainage patterns of CCFs by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and categorized drainage pathways according to their types and etiology.

Double partial trisomy of 6p23-pter and 9pter-q21.2 in a neonate resulting from 4:2 meiotic segregation of a maternal complex t(6;7;9)(p23;p15;q21.2) translocation.

We report, a newborn presenting multiple congenital abnormalities with karyotype; 47,XY,der(7)t(6;7)(pter-p23::p15-->qter),+der(9)t(7;9)(pter-->p15::q21.2--> pter)t(6;7;9)(p23;p15;q21.2)mat[20].

MRI findings in thoracic outlet syndrome.

We discuss MRI findings in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). A total of 100 neurovascular bundles were evaluated in the interscalene triangle (IS), costoclavicular (CC), and retropectoralis minor (RPM) spaces. To exclude neurogenic abnormality, MRIs of the cervical spine and brachial plexus (BPL) were obtained in neutral.

Elevated S100B and neuron specific enolase levels in patients with migraine-without aura: evidence for neurodegeneration?

Although migraine has mainly been considered as a benign disease, there is cumulative evidence of silent changes in the brain, brainstem, or cerebellum and subtle subclinical cerebellar dysfunction. In this study, in order to investigate a possible neuronal and/or glial damage at the cellular level in migraine, we measured and compared serum levels of S100B which is a protein marker of glial damage or activation, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) which is a marker of neuronal damage, in migraine patients and control subjects. Serum levels of S100B and NSE were measured in blood samples from 41 patients with migraine-without aura taken during a migraine attack (ictal) and in the attack-free period between migraine attacks (interictal) and 35 age- and sex-matched controls.

Effect of joint motion on safety of portals in posterior ankle arthroscopy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomic relation of the neural structures posteriorly crossing the ankle by use of classical ankle arthroscopy posterior portals and hindfoot endoscopy portals. The effect of ankle and hindfoot motions on portal-nerve distance was also determined.

Methods: This study included 20 feet and ankles in 20 adult volunteers who had no complaints regarding their ankle joints.