Introduction to a Special Series on Substance Use Disorder.

Adolescent substance use is common with 11% to 31% of adolescents in 8th through 12th grade reporting illicit substance use. Of particular concern is the increasing rate of overdose deaths among adolescents. The likelihood of developing a substance use disorder (SUD) is linearly associated with frequency of use and inversely associated with age, such that young people with early onset of use are the most susceptible for later dependence.

Editors' Best of 2023.

In our inaugural year as , we are proud to support the dissemination of some of the highest quality research being conducted in our field. Choosing the "best" among stars is a tall order and most certainly misses the many ways articles make an impact: is the "best" the most interesting, most surprising, most educational, most important, most provocative, or most enjoyable? How to decide? This time around, we made some picks based on those that were methodologically rigorous and clinically salient. It is our pleasure to give a special "hats off" to the 2023 articles that we think deserve your attention or at least a second read!

Peer Review in : Promoting Integrity While Advancing Open Science.

A critical piece in the launch of is the establishment of a high-quality and robust peer review process for incoming submissions. Indeed, peer review is the backbone of our scientific process. Here, we will discuss the importance of peer review, describe the process as we are expanding the journal family, and explain why and how you can be involved in the peer review process.

Editorial: Interpersonal Racial-Ethnic Discrimination and Psychopathology in the ABCD Cohort.

Discrimination and structural factors that promote discrimination and sociocultural inequities are social determinants of health that contribute to poorer health outcomes among minoritized youth. Discrimination consists of institutional or individual-level biases leading to disparate and unequitable access to resources. If individuals are aware of these experiences and their impact on one's own ability to access resources or opportunities, individuals may self-report these occurrences.

Passively sensing smartphone use in teens with rates of use by sex and across operating systems.

Youth screen media activity is a growing concern, though few studies include objective usage data. Through the longitudinal, U.S.

Screen time, sleep, brain structural neurobiology, and sequential associations with child and adolescent psychopathology: Insights from the ABCD study.

Background And Aims: The precise roles of screen media activity (SMA) and sleep problems in relation to child/adolescent psychopathology remain ambiguous. We investigated temporal relationships among sleep problems, SMA, and psychopathology and potential involvement of thalamus-prefrontal-cortex (PFC)-brainstem structural covariation.

Methods: This study utilized data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n = 4,641 ages 9-12) at baseline, Year1, and Year2 follow-up.

Screen media activity in youth: A critical review of mental health and neuroscience findings.

This review has two primary objectives: (1) to offer a balanced examination of recent findings on the relationship between screen media activity (SMA) in young individuals and outcomes such as sleep patterns, mood disturbances, anxiety-related concerns, and cognitive processes; and (2) to introduce a novel multi-level system model that integrates these findings, resolves contradictions in the literature, and guides future studies in examining key covariates affecting the SMA-mental health relationship. Key findings include: (1) Several meta-analyses reveal a significant association between SMA and mental health issues, particularly anxiety and depression, including specific negative effects linked to prolonged screen time; (2) substantial evidence indicates that SMA has both immediate and long-term impacts on sleep duration and quality; (3) the relationship between SMA and cognitive functioning is complex, with mixed findings showing both positive and negative associations; and (4) the multifaceted relationship between SMA and various aspects of adolescent life is influenced by a wide range of environmental and contextual factors. SMA in youth is best understood within a complex system encompassing individual, caregiver, school, peer, and environmental factors, as framed by Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which identifies five interrelated systems (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem) that influence development across both proximal and distal levels of the environment.

Our Hopes for .

With the launch of , we are thrilled to join the JAACAP family of journals and to facilitate expanded access to science generated in our field. We hope you are enjoying freely accessing, reading, and sharing the articles that we have published in thus far. Our journal family aims to promote the well-being of children and families globally by publishing original research and papers of theoretical, scientific, and clinical relevance to the field of child and adolescent mental health that are openly available for broad readership.

Editorial: Inconclusive (or "Elusive"): Concordance Between Substance Use Self-report and Toxicology for Diverse Youth Populations.

Adolescent substance use is an important public health issue, with 15% of eighth graders (ages 13-14) reporting past-year cannabis use, 26% reporting alcohol use, and 23% reporting vaping nicotine in recent national surveys. Among youth and young adults in need of mental health services, co-occurring substance misuse is a topic of particular importance. This is particularly evident in special populations, such as youth in juvenile detention, youth living in rural communities, and youth in residential or foster care.

Review of Major Social Determinants of Health in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Psychotic Disorders: III. Biology.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDoHs) are nonmedical factors that significantly impact health and longevity. We found no published reviews on the biology of SDoHs in schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorders (SSPD).

Study Design: We present an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and neurobiological processes plausibly involved in the effects of major SDoHs on clinical outcomes in SSPD.

Association of Demographic and Socioeconomic Indicators With the Use of Wearable Devices Among Children.

Importance: The use of consumer-grade wearable devices for collecting data for biomedical research may be associated with social determinants of health (SDoHs) linked to people's understanding of and willingness to join and remain engaged in remote health studies.

Objective: To examine whether demographic and socioeconomic indicators are associated with willingness to join a wearable device study and adherence to wearable data collection in children.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used wearable device usage data collected from 10 414 participants (aged 11-13 years) at the year-2 follow-up (2018-2020) of the ongoing Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, performed at 21 sites across the United States.

Recommendations for Identifying Valid Wear for Consumer-Level Wrist-Worn Activity Trackers and Acceptability of Extended Device Deployment in Children.

Background: Self-reported physical activity is often inaccurate. Wearable devices utilizing multiple sensors are now widespread. The aim of this study was to determine acceptability of Fitbit Charge HR for children and their families, and to determine best practices for processing its objective data.

Brain structural covariation linked to screen media activity and externalizing behaviors in children.

Background And Aims: Screen media activity (SMA) may impact neurodevelopment in youth. Cross-sectionally, SMA has been linked to brain structural patterns including cortical thinning in children. However, it remains unclear whether specific brain structural co-variation patterns are related to SMA and other clinically relevant measures such as psychopathology, cognition and sleep in children.

Editorial: Durability of Alcohol Use Prevention Effects in Adolescents and Transitional Age Youth.

Nearly 30%, or close to 2 billion, of the world's population are youth 10 to 24 years of age. This number is projected to peak in the next decade. Greater focus on behaviors that are largely initiated and escalate during adolescence, and manifest ensuing morbidity and mortality in adulthood, can reduce long-term public health burden.

Passive Sensing of Preteens' Smartphone Use: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Cohort Substudy.

Background: Concerns abound regarding childhood smartphone use, but studies to date have largely relied on self-reported screen use. Self-reporting of screen use is known to be misreported by pediatric samples and their parents, limiting the accurate determination of the impact of screen use on social, emotional, and cognitive development. Thus, a more passive, objective measurement of smartphone screen use among children is needed.

Perspectives of Girls and Young Women Affected by Commercial Sexual Exploitation: mHealth as a Tool to Increase Engagement in Care.

Objective: We gathered the perspectives of girls and young women affected by commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) to understand the acceptability and feasibility of mobile health (mHealth) for enhancing access and engagement in health and social services during judicial involvement.

Methods: We conducted four focus groups with 14 girls and young women (ages 14 to 21) with self-identified CSE histories.

Results: Participants perceived mHealth as viable for accessing and engaging providers, and health and social services, and navigating judicial systems.

Rates of Incidental Findings in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children.

Importance: Incidental findings (IFs) are unexpected abnormalities discovered during imaging and can range from normal anatomic variants to findings requiring urgent medical intervention. In the case of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), reliable data about the prevalence and significance of IFs in the general population are limited, making it difficult to anticipate, communicate, and manage these findings.

Objectives: To determine the overall prevalence of IFs in brain MRI in the nonclinical pediatric population as well as the rates of specific findings and findings for which clinical referral is recommended.

Correspondence Between Perceived Pubertal Development and Hormone Levels in 9-10 Year-Olds From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

Aim: To examine individual variability between perceived physical features and hormones of pubertal maturation in 9-10-year-old children as a function of sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: Cross-sectional metrics of puberty were utilized from the baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study-a multi-site sample of 9-10 year-olds (n = 11,875)-and included perceived physical features the pubertal development scale (PDS) and child salivary hormone levels (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone in all, and estradiol in females). Multi-level models examined the relationships among sociodemographic measures, physical features, and hormone levels.