Urinary bother, Urinalysis, and Two-Year Efficacy Follow-Up Results of Phase I Trial of Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Combined with Intravenous Pembrolizumab in Recurrent or Persistent High-Grade Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer after Previous Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Treatment.

Objective: To report urinary bother, urinalysis changes, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) over 2 years for subjects enrolled in a phase I dose-escalation trial (NCT02324582) of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in combination with systemic pembrolizumab for recurrent or persistent high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HGNMIBC).

Methods: Eighteen patients consented to the study. Five were screen failures.

Decision aids for localized prostate cancer in diverse minority men: Primary outcome results from a multicenter cancer care delivery trial (Alliance A191402CD).

Background: Decision aids (DAs) can improve knowledge for prostate cancer treatment. However, the relative effects of DAs delivered within the clinical encounter and in more diverse patient populations are unknown. A multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial with a 2×2 factorial design was performed to test the effectiveness of within-visit and previsit DAs for localized prostate cancer, and minority men were oversampled.

Surgeon-led prostate cancer lymph node staging: pathological outcomes stratified by robot-assisted dissection templates and patient selection.

Objectives: To evaluate the perioperative, pathological, and oncological outcomes from surgeon-led pathological staging of pelvic lymph node (LN) metastases at the time of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Patients And Methods: Over the 6-year period of 2006-2012, three distinct pelvic LN dissection (PLND) strategies were used in chronological order at a single cancer referral hospital. Strategies were characterised by both an omission of PLND (pNx) vs inclusion decision threshold, and standard vs extended templates for patients selected for PLND.

Diminished long-term recovery of peak flow rate (PFR) after robotic prostatectomy in men with baseline PFR <10 mL/s and incidental association with high-risk prostate cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) on uroflowmetry (UF) parameters among men with baseline peak flow rates (PFR) <10 mL/s.

Methods: A single-surgeon RARP database of 1082 men who underwent prospective UF testing was analyzed. Men filled out International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaires and underwent uroflowmetry and post-void bladder ultrasound before surgery and at each follow-up visit.

Salvage Percutaneous Cryoablation for Locally Recurrent Renal-Cell Carcinoma After Primary Cryoablation.

Background: The management of locally recurrent renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) following cryoablation remains a clinical dilemma. There is limited data regarding the management of locally recurrent disease in the setting of patients who have failed initial percutaneous cryoablation (PCA). We evaluate and report our experience with salvage PCA for local recurrence following renal cryoablation failure.

Active surveillance for prostate cancer: when to recommend delayed intervention.

There are no agreed upon guidelines for placing patients on active surveillance (AS). Therefore, there are no absolute criteria for taking patients off AS and when to recommend treatment. The criteria used to define progression are currently based on prostate specific antigen (PSA) kinetics, biopsy reclassification, and change in clinical stage.

Analysis of Improved Urinary Peak Flow Rates After Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy.

Purpose: Longitudinal assessment of prostatic obstruction has historically been assessed with urinary peak flow rates (PFR). In this observational study, we assess the impact of prostate removal on preoperative and postoperative PFRs after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Patients And Methods: A single surgeon (TA) performed RARPs between 2002 and 2007.

Clinical outcomes of patients with nondiagnostic biopsy during cryoablation of small renal masses.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of patients with biopsy-proven renal cell carcinoma (RCC), benign tumors (BTs), and nondiagnostic (ND) biopsies after renal cryoablation (RC).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 114 patients who underwent RC between 2003 and 2013. Patients were stratified according to biopsy histopathology results-RCC, BT, and ND biopsy.

Clinically nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation: Natural history and outcomes after surgical resection with curative intent.

Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation (sRCC) is an aggressive malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. Although existing literature focuses on patients presenting with metastatic disease, characteristics and outcomes for patients with localized disease are not well described. We aimed to evaluate postnephrectomy characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of survival in patients with sRCC who presented with clinically localized disease.

Preoperative predictors of pathological lymph node metastasis in patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.

Purpose: Patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma represent a subset that may benefit from retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. We identified preoperative clinical predictors of positive lymph nodes in patients with renal cell carcinoma without distant metastasis who underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data on a consecutive cohort of 1,270 patients with cTany Nany M0 renal cell carcinoma who were treated at a single institution from 1993 to 2012.

A comparative analysis of complications after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for men aged ≤69 and ≥70 years.

Background And Purpose: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is a popular treatment option for localized prostate cancer. Literature is lacking on the effect of advanced age on complication rates in men undergoing robotic prostatectomy. We performed a comparative analysis of complication rates for men ≤69 and ≥70 years undergoing RARP.

Comparison of radiation dose from conventional and triple-bolus computed tomography urography protocols in the diagnosis and management of patients with renal cortical neoplasms.

Objective: To retrospectively compare the radiation dose of triple-bolus computed tomography (TBCT) and conventional CT (CCT) urography protocols, analyze the effects of body mass index (BMI) on radiation dose in each group, and assess image quality.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the images of patients who underwent CCT or TBCT imaging in the management of renal cortical neoplasms. We used standard volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) to estimate radiation exposure.

Partial nephrectomy in the setting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Cytoreductive nephrectomy remains the standard of care for appropriately selected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Although the role of partial nephrectomy is well accepted in patients with localized disease, limited data are available on partial nephrectomy in the metastatic setting. We identified the indications for and outcomes of partial nephrectomy in the setting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with particular attention to partial nephrectomy subgroups.

Autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid signaling axis mediates tumorigenesis and development of acquired resistance to sunitinib in renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Sunitinib is currently considered as the standard treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We aimed to better understand the mechanisms of sunitinib action in kidney cancer treatment and in the development of acquired resistance.

Experimental Design: Gene expression profiles of RCC tumor endothelium in sunitinib-treated and -untreated patients were analyzed and verified by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Analysis of urological procedures in men who died from prostate cancer using a population-based approach.

Unlabelled: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Very few studies have examined end-of-life urological studies in men with prostate cancer. These studies reported fewer procedures in men who received primary therapy for prostate cancer. However, these studies were typically single institution or had a short follow-up period.

Chromosomal abnormalities in 2 cases of testicular failure.

This study investigated the underlying chromosomal abnormalities of testicular failure using molecular cytogenetic analysis. We report 2 cases of rare genetic anomalies that resulted in hypogonadism. The first patient presented with severe hypogonadism.

Effect of prostate volume on tumor grade in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in the era of extended prostatic biopsies.

Purpose: We investigated the influence of prostate volume on biopsy and prostatectomy Gleason score, the incidence of upgrading and total tumor volume.

Materials And Methods: From 1997 to 2004, 247 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer by multisite extended prostatic biopsy (10 or 11 cores) and underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution without neoadjuvant therapy. Medical records were reviewed to determine patient age at diagnosis, preoperative prostate specific antigen, prostate volume, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score, pathological stage, prostatectomy Gleason score and total tumor volume.

Identification of factors predicting response to adjuvant radiation therapy in patients with positive margins after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a highly effective treatment for patients with prostate cancer. However, patients with positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy have less than ideal outcomes with 5-year progression rates between 36% and 50%. Postoperative radiation therapy (RT) is often advocated for improving these outcomes.