Composite adverse outcomes in obstetric studies: a systematic review.

Background: Composite outcomes are increasingly being used in obstetric trials. The aim of this systematic review is to critically appraise the use of composite outcomes in obstetric RCTs with an intention of identifying limitations and providing potential solutions for future research.

Methods: The study protocol was prospectively registered.

Does pre-operative urodynamics lead to better outcomes in management of urinary incontinence in women? A linked systematic review and meta-analysis.

The use of preoperative urodynamics as a standard investigation for urinary incontinence (UI) has long been a subject of debate, with a lack of robust evidence to demonstrate improved patients' outcomes. We aim to compare the clinical and cost effectiveness of urodynamics versus office clinical evaluation only, prior to the treatment of UI. We conducted three linked systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing urodynamics assessment versus clinical evaluation only in women prior to 1) non-surgical treatment of UI, 2a) surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and 2b) invasive treatment for overactive bladder (OAB).

Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled ovarian stimulation in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation.

Background: Gonadotropins are the most commonly used medications for controlled ovarian stimulation in in vitro fertilisation (IVF). However, they are expensive and invasive, and are associated with the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Recent calls for more patient-friendly regimens have led to growing interest in the use of clomiphene citrate (CC) and aromatase inhibitors with or without gonadotropins to reduce the burden of hormonal injections.