Indian National Association for the Study of Liver Consensus Statement on Acute Liver Failure (Part-2): Management of Acute Liver Failure.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is not an uncommon complication of a common disease such as acute hepatitis. Viral hepatitis followed by antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity are the commonest causes of ALF in India. Clinically, such patients present with appearance of jaundice, encephalopathy, and coagulopathy.

A comparative study of structural and conformational properties of WNK kinase isoforms bound to an inhibitor: insights from molecular dynamic simulations.

The with-no-lysine (WNK) kinase causes pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a genetic form of hypertension. Due to ∼80% similarity among four isoforms (WNK1/2/3/4) of the WNK protein family, the discovery of an ATP-competitive inhibitor renders a significant challenge. Here, we combined molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations to study the structural and conformational properties of the WNK kinase isoforms bound to an ATP competitive inhibitor (WNK463).

Investigating the property of water driven lead-free stable inorganic halide double perovskites.

Lead free halide double perovskite materials, ABB́X (where A, B and B́ are cations and X is a halide anion) have achieved considerable attention in the field of optoelectronic devices due to their high thermal along with the moisture stability and less toxicity as lead halide perovskites suffer from the stability and toxicity issues which inhibit them to be commercialized. Therefore, synthesis of low cost and stable perovskite materials are the main focus of perovskite family nowadays. Herein, we have reported lead free CsAgBiCl and CsAgBiBr double perovskite microcrystals in both organic and a mixture of the aqueous-organic medium.

A Review of the Diagnosis and Management of Hepatitis E.

Purpose Of Review: We aim to provide the readers an up-to-date knowledge of the structure, epidemiology, and transmission followed by a detailed discussion on testing, diagnostics and management of hepatitis E virus infection. We have also included a comprehensive review of hepatitis E in pregnancy.

Recent Findings: European Association for the Study of the Liver established clinical practice guidelines for testing and treatment of suspected hepatitis E virus infections in 2018.

Associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with COVID-19-related mortality in England: a whole-population study.

Background: Although diabetes has been associated with COVID-19-related mortality, the absolute and relative risks for type 1 and type 2 diabetes are unknown. We assessed the independent effects of diabetes status, by type, on in-hospital death in England in patients with COVID-19 during the period from March 1 to May 11, 2020.

Methods: We did a whole-population study assessing risks of in-hospital death with COVID-19 between March 1 and May 11, 2020.

Risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in England: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Diabetes has been associated with increased COVID-19-related mortality, but the association between modifiable risk factors, including hyperglycaemia and obesity, and COVID-19-related mortality among people with diabetes is unclear. We assessed associations between risk factors and COVID-19-related mortality in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We did a population-based cohort study of people with diagnosed diabetes who were registered with a general practice in England.

Mapping the surface potential, charge density and adhesion of cellulose nanocrystals using advanced scanning probe microscopy.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are the focus of significant attention in the broad area of sustainable technologies for possessing many desirable properties such as a large surface area, high strength and stiffness, outstanding colloidal stability, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, low weight and abundance in nature. Yet, a fundamental understanding of the micro- and nanoscale electrical charge distribution on nanocellulose still remains elusive. Here we present direct quantification and mapping of surface charges on CNCs at ambient condition using advanced surface probe microscopy techniques such as Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and force-distance (F-D) curve measurements.

Plant-derived natural polyphenols as potential antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibition: an analysis.

The sudden outburst of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a massive threat to global public health. Currently, no therapeutic drug or vaccine exists to treat COVID-19. Due to the time taking process of new drug development, drug repurposing might be the only viable solution to tackle COVID-19.

Exploring the energetic basis of binding of currently used drugs against HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE protease via molecular dynamics simulations.

Non-B strains cause nearly 90% of the worldwide human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. At the same time, the protease inhibitors (PIs) were designed for subtype B. Therefore, the use of PIs in the non-B subtype context requires further investigation.

Cyanobacterial metabolites as promising drug leads against the M and PL of SARS-CoV-2: an analysis.

A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as the causative agent behind the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Treatment efforts have been severely impeded due to the lack of specific effective antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-associated pathologies. In the present research endeavour the inhibitory prospects of cyanobacterial metabolites were assessed at the active binding pockets of the two vital SARS-CoV-2 proteases namely, main protease (M) and the papain-like protease (PL) that proteolytically process viral polyproteins and facilitate viral replication, employing an molecular interaction-based approach.

Different brain profiles in children with prenatal alcohol exposure with or without early adverse exposures.

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can alter brain development and impact mental health outcomes, and often occurs in conjunction with postnatal adversity (e.g., maltreatment).

Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver Consensus Statement on Acute Liver Failure (Part 1): Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Presentation and Prognosis.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is an infrequent, unpredictable, potentially fatal complication of acute liver injury (ALI) consequent to varied etiologies. Etiologies of ALF as reported in the literature have regional differences, which affects the clinical presentation and natural course. In this part of the consensus article designed to reflect the clinical practices in India, disease burden, epidemiology, clinical presentation, monitoring, and prognostication have been discussed.

Effect of morphology on the photoelectrochemical performance of nanostructured CuO photocathodes.

CuO is a promising earth-abundant semiconductor photocathode for sunlight-driven water splitting. Characterization results are presented to show how the photocurrent density (), onset potential (), band edges, carrier density (), and interfacial charge transfer resistance () are affected by the morphology and method used to deposit CuO on a copper foil. Mesoscopic and planar morphologies exhibit large differences in the values ofand.

Aqueous Precursor Induced Morphological Change and Improved Water Stability of CsPbBr Nanocrystals.

In the literature, lead halide perovskites are very notable for their degradation in the presence of polar solvents, such as water. In contrast, in this research, it is observed that adding a minor amount of water into the precursor solution can improve the stability and photoluminescence quantum yield of CsPbBr nanocrystals through a ligand-assisted reprecipitation (LARP) method. In this way, the shape and phase transformation from CsPbBr nanoplates to CsPbBr /Cs PbBr nanorods and Cs PbBr nanowires can be controlled with increasing water content in the precursor solution.

Natural compounds from spp. as possible therapeutic candidates against SARS-CoV-2: An investigation.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has rattled global public health, with researchers struggling to find specific therapeutic solutions. In this context, the present study employed an approach to assess the inhibitory potential of the phytochemicals obtained from GC-MS analysis of twelve species against the imperative spike protein, main protease enzyme M and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2. An extensive molecular docking investigation of the phytocompounds at the active binding pockets of the viral proteins revealed promising inhibitory potential of the phytochemicals taraxerol, friedelin and stigmasterol.

ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: Remodelling diabetes services and emerging innovation.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major international emergency leading to unprecedented medical, economic and societal challenges. Countries around the globe are facing challenges with diabetes care and are similarly adapting care delivery, with local cultural nuances. People with diabetes suffer disproportionately from acute COVID-19 with higher rates of serious complications and death.

Elucidating biophysical basis of binding of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations.

The recent outbreak of novel "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide, causing a global pandemic. In the present work, we have elucidated the mechanism of binding of two inhibitors, namely α-ketoamide and Z31792168, to SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M or 3CL) by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. We calculated the total binding free energy (ΔG) of both inhibitors and further decomposed ΔG into various forces governing the complex formation using the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) method.