Looking out for danger: Theoretical and empirical issues in translating human attention bias tasks to assess animal affective states.

Understanding animal emotional (affective) state is highly relevant to various disciplines (e.g., animal welfare, neuroscience, comparative psychology), and has been significantly advanced by translating affect-induced cognitive bias paradigms rooted in human psychology to non-human animal studies.

TMEM206 Contributes to Cancer Hallmark Functions in Colorectal Cancer Cells and Is Regulated by p53 in a p21-Dependent Manner.

Acid-induced ion flux plays a role in pathologies where tissue acidification is prevalent, including cancer. In 2019, TMEM206 was identified as the molecular component of acid-induced chloride flux. Localizing to the plasma membrane, TMEM206 contributes to cellular processes like acid-induced cell death.

Metabolomics reveals changes in levels of fecal branched chain amino acids and organic acids in very preterm infants fed human milk fortified with bovine colostrum.

Background & Aims: Human milk is the optimal diet for very preterm infants (VPIs), but it requires nutrient fortification to support growth. Bovine colostrum (BC), rich in intact proteins and bioactive components, could serve as a novel fortifier with potential benefits to VPIs gut health. To evaluate a possible effect of feeding BC on intestinal metabolism, the gut microbiota, and their interaction, we studied the fecal metabolome of VPIs in the first month of life, as compared with a conventional fortifier (CF, based on infant formula ingredients).

Single mandibular implant study - impact on dietary habits after 5 years of observation in patients with immediate and delayed loading protocols.

Objectives: Single midline implants in the edentulous mandible can be used to support existing complete dentures to improve patients' satisfaction and masticatory efficiency. The impact on patients' dietary habits and the influence of the loading protocol of the implants was the subject of this study.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective randomized clinical trial, edentulous patients with existing complete dentures in both jaws were treated with a single midline implant in the mandible.

Toward Interpretable Sleep Stage Classification Using Cross-Modal Transformers.

Accurate sleep stage classification is significant for sleep health assessment. In recent years, several machine-learning based sleep staging algorithms have been developed, and in particular, deep-learning based algorithms have achieved performance on par with human annotation. Despite improved performance, a limitation of most deep-learning based algorithms is their black-box behavior, which have limited their use in clinical settings.

Mineral supplementation for very preterm infants fed fortified human milk.

Objectives: The safety and feasibility of human milk fortification with bovine colostrum (BC) were investigated in very preterm infants (FortiColos trial, NCT03537365). The BC product contained lower calcium, phosphate, and iron levels compared to the conventional fortifier (CF). We tested whether fortification with BC plus extra phosphate was sufficient to support the infants' mineral status assessed by blood biochemistry.

A practical guide to EEG hyperscanning in joint action research: from motivation to implementation.

Developments in cognitive neuroscience have led to the emergence of hyperscanning, the simultaneous measurement of brain activity from multiple people. Hyperscanning is useful for investigating social cognition, including joint action, because of its ability to capture neural processes that occur within and between people as they coordinate actions toward a shared goal. Here, we provide a practical guide for researchers considering using hyperscanning to study joint action and seeking to avoid frequently raised concerns from hyperscanning skeptics.

Time intervals between pumping did not affect breastmilk protein produced by mothers of preterm infants.

Aim: Few studies investigate factors that might influence the content of expressed breastmilk. This study aims to investigate the influence of the intervals between breastmilk pumping and the time of the day on protein and fat concentration in breastmilk.

Methods: Mothers of very preterm infants in a neonatal ward who expressed more than 400 mL per day were included.

CBA (4-chloro-2-(2-chlorophenoxy)acetamido) benzoic acid) inhibits TMEM206 mediated currents and TMEM206 does not contribute to acid-induced cell death in colorectal cancer cells.

Upon activation at low pH, TMEM206 conducts Cl ions across plasma and vesicular membranes. In a (patho)physiological context, TMEM206 was reported to contribute to acid-induced cell death in neurons, kidney and cervical epithelial cells. We investigated the role of TMEM206 in acid-induced cell death in colorectal cancer cells.

In vitro pilot study comparing a novel implantoplasty sonic instrumentation protocol with a conventional protocol using burs.

Background And Objectives: The aim of implantoplasty (IP) is to remove titanium implant layers that have been contaminated and to smoothen the implant surfaces so they retain less plaque. However, existing IP methods are very invasive and reduce implant wall thickness.

Aim: To investigate the suitability of novel sonic tips in IP and to compare this novel protocol with conventional abrasive procedures.

Anesthetic practice during cardiac implantable electronic device implant procedures: A retrospective, single-center study.

Objectives: Data on anesthetic proceedings during cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implant procedures are scarce and it remains unclear whether anesthetic care is still required in selected patients.

Methods: In this retrospective, single center study we assessed the prevalence of intraoperative anesthetic management comprising anesthetic standby, sedation or general anesthesia as well as anesthetic and procedural complications. We analyzed pre-existing and perioperative risk factors related to procedure-related adverse outcome such as perioperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and 30-day mortality in a uni- and multivariable analysis.

Impact of loading protocol of a mandibular single implant-supported complete denture on oral health-related quality of life over a period of 5 years: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term course of OHRQoL and the impact of the loading protocol in patients receiving a single mandibular implant supporting a complete denture over a period of five years.

Methods: In this multicenter RCT, a total of 158 edentulous patients were initially included and were randomly allocated immediately after placement of a mandibular midline implant to either immediate loading (IL) or to conventional loading (CL) with submerged healing. The assessment of OHRQoL was performed with the 49-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) at baseline and 1, 4, 12, 24, and 60 months after loading.

IFNγ-Stat1 axis drives aging-associated loss of intestinal tissue homeostasis and regeneration.

The influence of aging on intestinal stem cells and their niche can explain underlying causes for perturbation in their function observed during aging. Molecular mechanisms for such a decrease in the functionality of intestinal stem cells during aging remain largely undetermined. Using transcriptome-wide approaches, our study demonstrates that aging intestinal stem cells strongly upregulate antigen presenting pathway genes and over-express secretory lineage marker genes resulting in lineage skewed differentiation into the secretory lineage and strong upregulation of MHC class II antigens in the aged intestinal epithelium.

Trial-related blood sampling and red blood cell transfusions in preterm infants.

Aim: To determine if trial-related blood sampling increases the risk of later red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in very preterm infants, we compared the volume of clinical- and trial-related blood samples, in a specific trial and correlated to subsequent RBC transfusion.

Methods: For 193 very preterm infants, participating in the FortiColos trial (NCT03537365), trial-related blood volume drawn was in accordance with ethical considerations established by the European Commission. Medical records were reviewed to assess the number and accumulated volume (mL/kg) of blood samples (both clinical- and trial-related).

Eukaryote-specific assembly factor DEAP2 mediates an early step of photosystem II assembly in Arabidopsis.

The initial step of oxygenic photosynthesis is the thermodynamically challenging extraction of electrons from water and the release of molecular oxygen. This light-driven process, which is the basis for most life on Earth, is catalyzed by photosystem II (PSII) within the thylakoid membrane of photosynthetic organisms. The biogenesis of PSII requires a controlled step-wise assembly process of which the early steps are considered to be highly conserved between plants and their cyanobacterial progenitors.

Immediate loading of dental implants in edentulous mandibles using Locator attachments or Dolder bars: A 9-year prospective randomized clinical study.

Aim: To evaluate the long-term survival, incidence of prosthetic/technical and biological complications and the oral-health-related quality of life in patients with an edentulous mandible who were fitted with overdentures on two immediately loaded implants in the symphyseal area.

Materials And Methods: Forty-six patients with edentulous mandibles received two immediately loaded implant-retained dentures with either two Locator attachments or egg-shaped bar attachments. Implant outcomes were recorded after a period of observation of 9 years and included prosthetic complications, modified gingiva index (mGI), modified plaque index (mPI), oral health impact profile (OHIP-G) and radiographic estimation of bone loss.

Cracking the Floral Quartet Code: How Do Multimers of MIKC-Type MADS-Domain Transcription Factors Recognize Their Target Genes?

MADS-domain transcription factors (MTFs) are involved in the control of many important processes in eukaryotes. They are defined by the presence of a unique and highly conserved DNA-binding domain, the MADS domain. MTFs bind to double-stranded DNA as dimers and recognize specific sequences termed CArG boxes (such as 5'-CC(A/T)GG-3') and similar sequences that occur hundreds of thousands of times in a typical flowering plant genome.

Bovine colostrum as a fortifier to human milk in very preterm infants - A randomized controlled trial (FortiColos).

Background: Human milk for very preterm infants need fortification for optimal growth and development but the optimal fortification product remains to be identified.

Aims: To investigate feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy on growth and blood biochemistry when using intact bovine colostrum (BC) as a fortifier to human milk in very preterm infants.

Methods: In an open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled pilot trial (infants 26-31 weeks' gestation), mother's own milk or donor human milk was fortified with powdered BC (n = 115) or a conventional fortifier (CF, bovine-milk-based, n = 117) until 35 weeks' postmenstrual age.

Do you see what I see? Testing horses' ability to recognise real-life objects from 2D computer projections.

The use of 2-dimensional representations (e.g. photographs or digital images) of real-life physical objects has been an important tool in studies of animal cognition.

At-home sleep monitoring using generic ear-EEG.

Introduction: A device comprising two generic earpieces with embedded dry electrodes for ear-centered electroencephalography (ear-EEG) was developed. The objective was to provide ear-EEG based sleep monitoring to a wide range of the population without tailoring the device to the individual.

Methods: To validate the device ten healthy subjects were recruited for a 12-night sleep study.

Nurses' and Physicians' Rationale Behind Clinical Performance and Interpretation of Routine Prefeed Gastric Aspiration in Preterm Infants: A Cross-sectional Study.

This study aims at understanding the rationale behind performing prefeed gastric aspirations in preterm infants, how nurses and physicians interpret the gastric aspiration and variations between them, and illuminating potential barriers for omitting routine prefeed aspiration. Nurses and physicians from all Danish neonatal intensive care units completed a questionnaire. Of 682 participants, the majority (94%) indicated that they routinely performed prefeed aspiration, primarily to check the feeding tube placement (nurses: 88%, physicians: 46%).

A Randomized, Controlled Study to Investigate How Bovine Colostrum Fortification of Human Milk Affects Bowel Habits in Preterm Infants (FortiColos Study).

Background: Human milk does not meet the nutritional needs to support optimal growth of very preterm infants during the first weeks of life. Nutrient fortifiers are therefore added to human milk, though these products are suspected to increase gut dysmotility. The objective was to evaluate whether fortification with bovine colostrum (BC) improves bowel habits compared to a conventional fortifier (CF) in very preterm infants.

Paneth cells drive intestinal stem cell competition and clonality in aging and calorie restriction.

Calorie restriction has been recently shown to increase intestinal stem cell competition and to reduce mutation fixation in young mice. However, the impact of aging on this process is unknown. By employing Confetti reporter mice, here we show that, unexpectedly, old mice have more intestinal stem cell (ISC) competition than young mice.