Clinical Outcomes of Therapeutic Interventions for Autoimmune Retinopathy: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review.

Topic: Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a group of rare inflammatory diseases treated with immunosuppression; however, there is no treatment consensus. This meta-analysis and review aims to investigate treatment effectiveness in slowing AIR progression.

Clinical Relevance: Autoimmune retinopathy is a group of diseases characterized by progressive vision loss that is both difficult to diagnose and treat.

Effect of propofol versus sevoflurane on cerebral oxygenation in childhood Moyamoya disease. A near infrared spectroscopy study.

Introduction And Objectives: Anaesthesia during surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD) has different effects on cerebral physiology. Both sevoflurane and propofol have cerebral protective effects, albeit with different mechanisms. We used near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to observe the effect of sevoflurane and propofol on rSO in paediatric patients undergoing MMD surgery.

A Case of Pneumomediastinum and Pneumorrhachis in a Patient With Multiple Risk Factors.

Pneumomediastinum is the presence of gas (usually air) in the mediastinum, which is rare and typically benign. Pneumomediastinum is classified into primary and secondary based on etiology. Its pathophysiology is due to high intra-alveolar pressures causing alveolar rupture, which releases air that travels along bronchoalveolar sheaths into the mediastinum.

Impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on diabetic retinopathy: A meta-analysis of clinical studies emphasising retinal changes as a primary outcome.

Background: To determine if glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are associated with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase from inception to February 2024 to identify clinical studies reporting the development of and changes in DR as the primary outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes taking GLP-1RA, insulin, or oral antidiabetic medication (OAD). Two researchers independently completed the search and referred to a third as necessary.

Canine Histiocytic and Hemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcomas Display and Extensive /SHP2 Mutations and Respond In Vitro to MEK Inhibition by Cobimetinib.

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare and highly aggressive cancer in humans and dogs. In dogs, it has a high prevalence in certain breeds, such as Bernese mountain dogs (BMDs) and flat-coated retrievers. Hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma (HHS) is a unique form of HS that presents with erythrophagocytosis.

The Urban-Rural Divide in Neurocritical Care in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries.

The term "urban-rural divide" encompasses several dimensions and has remained an important concern for any country. The economic disparity; lack of infrastructure; dearth of medical specialists; limited opportunities to education, training, and health care; lower level of sanitation; and isolating effect of geographical location deepens this gap, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This article gives an overview of the rural-urban differences in terms of facilities related to neurocritical care (NCC) in LMICs.

Comparison of Glasgow Coma Scale Full Outline of UnResponsiveness and Glasgow Coma Scale: Pupils Score for Predicting Outcome in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score is the most widely used clinical score for the initial assessment of neurologically injured patients and is also frequently used for prognostication. Other scores such as the Full Outline of UnResponsivness (FOUR) score and the Glasgow Coma Scale-Pupils (GCS-P) score have been more recently developed and are gaining popularity. This prospective cohort study was conducted to compare various scores in terms of their ability to predict outcomes at 3 months in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Can Bispectral Index be a Point-of-care Monitor for Sleep Quality Assessment in Critically Ill Patients?

: Kapoor I, Prabhakar H. Can Bispectral Index be a Point-of-care Monitor for Sleep Quality Assessment in Critically Ill Patients? Indian J Crit Care Med 2023;27(11):782-783.

Dopaminergic systems create reward seeking despite adverse consequences.

Resource-seeking behaviours are ordinarily constrained by physiological needs and threats of danger, and the loss of these controls is associated with pathological reward seeking. Although dysfunction of the dopaminergic valuation system of the brain is known to contribute towards unconstrained reward seeking, the underlying reasons for this behaviour are unclear. Here we describe dopaminergic neural mechanisms that produce reward seeking despite adverse consequences in Drosophila melanogaster.

A National Survey on Coma Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Therapy in India: Revisiting the Curing Coma Campaign Come Together Survey.

Background: The limited representation from developing countries in the original COME TOGETHER survey gave us an impetus to conduct this survey in the Indian subcontinent.

Methods: This cross-sectional online survey was conducted from August through September 2022. Participants were health care physicians caring for patients with coma and disorders of consciousness.

GLP-1 receptor agonists and diabetic retinopathy: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent research suggests that GLP-1 RAs may influence diabetic retinopathy (DR). We searched ClinicalTrials.