Turn to the wild: A comprehensive review on the chemical composition of wild olive oil.

Wild olive oil (WOO) derives from naturally occurring wild olive trees. WOO has received increasing attention over the last decade, in response to the growing demand of the consumer for high-quality food products which may also provide health benefits. This study provides a comprehensive review of the available studies concerning the chemical composition of WOO produced across diverse geographical regions.

Investigation of the Microbiome of Industrial PDO Sfela Cheese and Its Artisanal Variants Using 16S rDNA Amplicon Sequencing and Shotgun Metagenomics.

Sfela is a white brined Greek cheese of protected designation of origin (PDO) produced in the Peloponnese region from ovine, caprine milk, or a mixture of the two. Despite the PDO status of Sfela, very few studies have addressed its properties, including its microbiology. For this reason, we decided to investigate the microbiome of two PDO industrial Sfela cheese samples along with two non-PDO variants, namely Sfela touloumotiri and Xerosfeli.

The Low-FODMAP Diet, IBS, and BCFAs: Exploring the Positive, Negative, and Less Desirable Aspects-A Literature Review.

The literature about the association of branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is limited. BCFAs, the bacterial products of the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, are proposed as markers for colonic protein fermentation. IBS is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by low-grade inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis.

The Rising Role of Omics and Meta-Omics in Table Olive Research.

Table olives are often the result of fermentation, a process where microorganisms transform raw materials into the final product. The microbial community can significantly impact the organoleptic characteristics and safety of table olives, and it is influenced by various factors, including the processing methods. Traditional culture-dependent techniques capture only a fraction of table olives' intricate microbiota, prompting a shift toward culture-independent methods to address this knowledge gap.

The Effects of Insect Infestation on Stored Agricultural Products and the Quality of Food.

In this review article, we focus on the effects of insect pests on the quality of stored cereals and legume grains. The changes in the amino-acid content, the quality of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and the technological characteristics of the raw materials when infested by specific insects are presented. The differences reported concerning the rate and kind of infestation effects are related to the trophic habits of the infesting insect species, the variation of the component distribution in the different species of grains, and the length of the storage period.

Fermentation Efficiency of Genetically Modified Yeasts in Grapes Must.

Winemaking is a stressful procedure for yeast cells. The presence of high levels of carbohydrates at the beginning of the fermentation and the subsequent increase of ethanol levels alongside with other environmental factors force the cell to undergo a continuous adaptation process. Ideally, yeast strains should be able to adapt to this changing environment fast and they must be able to ferment at low temperatures with the highest possible fermentation rates.

Factors affecting yeast ethanol tolerance and fermentation efficiency.

Alcohol fermentation is a key process in wine, beer, alcoholic beverage production, bioethanol production by means of carbohydrate sources, and food industry byproducts. There are three key points in these kinds of processes determining their efficiency; enzymatic cellulose lysis into simple sugar molecules, alcohol fermentation rate, and ethanol tolerance of yeast cells. The first process is usually carried out by either the use of pure cellulolytic enzymes, which is a high cost procedure, or by the production of these enzymes from cellulolytic bacteria and filamentous fungi.

Ser625 of msn2 transcription factor is indispensable for ethanol tolerance and alcoholic fermentation process.

The genetic modification of yeast strains can be used as an approach for the improvement of ethanol fermentation. msn2p transcription factor is implicated in yeast stress response and its activation is controlled by protein kinase A (PKA). PKA activation inhibits the translocation of msn2p to the nucleus.

Reversed-Flow Gas Chromatography as a Tool for Studying the Interaction between Aroma Compounds and Starch.

The versatile technique of reversed-flow gas chromatography was introduced to calculate physicochemical quantities for the interaction between aroma compounds and starch. Adsorption, adsorption/desorption, and surface reaction rate constants as well as surface diffusion coefficients for the vapors of aroma compounds over the different starch surfaces were calculated in the temperature range of 303.15-333.

Study of the influence of surfactants on the activity coefficients and mass transfer coefficients of methanol in aqueous mixtures by reversed-flow gas chromatography.

This work focuses on the influences of surfactants on the activity coefficients, γ, of methanol in binary mixtures with water, as well as on the mass transfer coefficients, k, for the evaporation of methanol, which is a ubiquitous component in the troposphere, from mixtures of methanol with water at various surfactant's and methanol's concentrations. The technique used is the Reversed-Flow Gas Chromatography (R.F.

Kinetic study of aggregation of milk protein and/or surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions by sedimentation field-flow fractionation.

Milk proteins are able to facilitate the formation and stabilization of oil droplets in food emulsions. This study employed Sedimentation Field-Flow Fractionation (SdFFF) to monitor changes in particle size distribution of freshly prepared emulsions with varying weight contributions of sodium caseinate (SC) and whey protein concentrate (WPC). The effect of the addition of Tween 80 (T) on the initial droplet size was also investigated.

The study of the influence of temperature and initial glucose concentration on the fermentation process in the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain immobilized on starch gels by reversed-flow gas chromatography.

The technique of reversed-flow gas chromatography (RFGC) was employed for the determination of the alcoholic fermentation phases and of kinetic parameters for free and immobilized cell systems, at different initial glucose concentrations and temperature values. In addition to this, due to its considerable advantages over other techniques, RFGC was used for the characterization of a new biocatalyst, yeast cells immobilized on starch gel, and especially wheat starch gel. Immobilization of wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae AXAZ-1 was accomplished on wheat and corn starch gels in order to prepare new biocatalysts with great interest for the fermentation industry.

New separation methodologies for the distinction of the growth phases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle.

In the present work two separation techniques, namely the gravitational field-flow fractionation (GrFFF) and the reversed-flow gas chromatography (RFGC), are proposed for the distinction of the growth phases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (AXAZ-1) yeast cycle at different temperatures (30 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 15 degrees C) and pH (2.0, 3.0, 4.

New gas chromatographic instrumentation for studying the action of sulfur dioxide on marbles.

Reversed-flow gas chromatography, which is a sub-technique of inverse gas chromatography, is an experimental arrangement simulating a simple model for the action of air pollutants on buildings and monuments, in laboratory scale. By using a commercial gas chromatograph and an appropriate mathematical analysis, kinetic parameters such as rate constants for adsorption k1, adsorption/desorption kR and surface reaction k2, as well as surface diffusion coefficients Dgamma, deposition velocities Vd and reaction probabilities gamma of SO2 on marble surfaces at different temperatures (303.15-353.

Physicochemical and microscopical study of calcific deposits from natural and bioprosthetic heart valves. Comparison and implications for mineralization mechanism.

Natural and bioprosthetic heart valves suffer from calcification, despite their differences in etiology and tissue material. The mechanism of developing calcific deposits in valve tissue is still not elucidated. The calcific deposits developed on human natural and bioprosthetic heart valves have been investigated and compared by physicochemical studies and microscopy investigations and the results were correlated with possible mechanisms of mineral crystal growth.

Screening biomaterials with a new in vitro method for potential calcification: porcine aortic valves and bovine pericardium.

Calcification is still a major cause of failure of implantable biomaterials. A fast and reliable in vitro model could contribute to the study of its mechanisms and to testing different anticalcification techniques. In this work, we attempted to investigate the potential calcification of biomaterials using an in vitro model.

Surface energy of solid catalysts measured by inverse gas chromatography.

The time separation of experimental surface energy on Pt-Rh bimetallic catalysts, together with the time-independent rate constants for adsorption and desorption of O(2), CO, and CO(2) on them, is described, applying the reversed-flow version of inverse gas chromatography. The standard free energy of adsorption DeltaG(z.plims;) and its probability density function over time, together with the geometrical mean of the London parts of the total surface free energy (gamma(L)(1)gamma(L)(2))(1/2) of the adsorbed probe and the solid surface, accompanied by the relevant probability density functions over time are also calculated.

Heterogeneous catalysis on solids of gases diffusing through a liquid layer, studied by inverse gas chromatography.

Physicochemical parameters for heterogeneous catalytic reactions when the catalytic bed was under a liquid phase have been determined, using a non-linear adsorption isotherm by the reversed-flow version of inverse gas chromatography (RF-GC). The mathematical analysis developed in heterogeneous catalysis, mass transfer across gas-liquid boundaries, and diffusion coefficients of gases in liquids was associated with a non-linear adsorption isotherm to find the relevant equations pertaining to the problem. These equations were then used to calculate the adsorption/desorption rate constant, the rate constant for the first-order catalytic reaction and the equilibrium constant for the non-linear adsorption isotherm.

Model experimental system for investigation of heart valve calcification in vitro.

A model system was developed for the in vitro quantitative investigation of the calcification process occurring in heart valves. The process of heart valve calcification consists of the formation of calcium phosphates at the heart valve-biological fluid interface. Calcium phosphate deposits may consist of more than one calcium phosphate mineral phase, differing with respect to their physical and chemical properties.