[Recommendation for a programme transforming and improving mental health services - starting the debate].

Today mental health services face various challenges for which they are barely or not at all prepared under current structural, functional and financial circumstances, while the mental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are yet to be fully recognized. In Hungary, health and social services provide mental health services collectively, although simul taneously: in many cases, vertical and horizontal cooperation tends to be incidental or completely lacking among treatment types and stages, causing perplexing patient journeys, significant regional disparities, and deficiencies in the necessary multidisciplinary approach. In our thesis, first we start from the definition of health by WHO, which brings well-being to the forefront, then we attempt to present a comprehensive assessment of the current situation of the Hungarian social and health care system regarding mental health, introducing international and domestic statistics along with foreign national public policy programmes.

Gut dysbiosis and serotonin: intestinal 5-HT as a ubiquitous membrane permeability regulator in host tissues, organs, and the brain.

The microbiota and microbiome and disruption of the gut-brain axis were linked to various metabolic, immunological, physiological, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric diseases. After a brief review of the relevant literature, we present our hypothesis that intestinal serotonin, produced by intestinal enterochromaffin cells, picked up and stored by circulating platelets, participates and has an important role in the regulation of membrane permeability in the intestine, brain, and other organs. In addition, intestinal serotonin may act as a hormone-like continuous regulatory signal for the whole body, including the brain.

Contributing to Global Health: Development of a Consensus-Based Whole Systems Research Strategy for Anthroposophic Medicine.

Background: Whole medicine and health systems like traditional and complementary medicine systems (T&CM) are part of healthcare around the world. One key feature of T&CM is its focus on patient-centered and multimodal care and the integration of intercultural perspectives in a wide range of settings. It may contribute to good health and well being for people as part of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.

Classic psychedelics: the special role of the visual system.

Here, we briefly overview the various aspects of classic serotonergic hallucinogens reported by a number of studies. One of the key hypotheses of our paper is that the visual effects of psychedelics might play a key role in resetting fears. Namely, we especially focus on visual processes because they are among the most prominent features of hallucinogen-induced hallucinations.

[The effect of palliative neural therapy on the improvement of chronic pain].

Background And Purpose: To assess the extent to which pain therapy can improve chronic pain in a heterogeneous group of patients, its impact on their quality of life and the correlation of the changes with their age and the underlying disease. The investigation has its actuality by its impact on public health.

Methods: a prospective, non-randomized, interventional, clinical cohort study was conducted under real-life conditions in a general pain clinic, which lasted for 6 months.

Celiac plexus block increases quality of life in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease with a high mortality rate and severe pain that is challenging to manage. To reduce the excruciating abdominal pain, opioids and adjuvant agents are conventionally used.

Objectives: PRNCPB is a treatment of neural therapy.

[Effects of neural therapy on quality of live in patients with inoperable lower extremity artery disease].

Background And Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate the effects of percutaneous neurolysis of lumbal sympathetic ganglions on pain and the resulting changes in quality of life with validated objective and subjective methods. To follow the adverse effects and complications of the procedure.

Methods: A prospective, non-randomized, interventional, clinical cohort study under real life conditons was conducted.

A possible key role of vision in the development of schizophrenia.

Based on a brief overview of the various aspects of schizophrenia reported by numerous studies, here we hypothesize that schizophrenia may originate (and in part be performed) from visual areas. In other words, it seems that a normal visual system or at least an evanescent visual perception may be an essential prerequisite for the development of schizophrenia as well as of various types of hallucinations. Our study focuses on auditory and visual hallucinations, as they are the most prominent features of schizophrenic hallucinations (and also the most studied types of hallucinations).

Development of quality indicators for mental healthcare in the Danube region.

Background: Quality indicators are quality assurance instruments for the evaluation of mental healthcare systems. Quality indicators can be used to measure the effectiveness of mental healthcare structure and process reforms. This project aims to develop quality indicators for mental healthcare systems in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Serbia to provide monitoring instruments for the transformation of mental healthcare systems in these countries.

Possible role of biochemiluminescent photons for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-induced phosphenes and visual hallucinations.

Today, there is an increased interest in research on lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) because it may offer new opportunities in psychotherapy under controlled settings. The more we know about how a drug works in the brain, the more opportunities there will be to exploit it in medicine. Here, based on our previously published papers and investigations, we suggest that LSD-induced visual hallucinations/phosphenes may be due to the transient enhancement of bioluminescent photons in the early retinotopic visual system in blind as well as healthy people.

Endogenous spontaneous ultraweak photon emission in the formation of eye-specific retinogeniculate projections before birth.

In 1963, it was suggested [Sperry, R.W. (1963).

Induction of persistently demyelinated lesions in the rat following the repeated adoptive transfer of encephalitogenic T cells and demyelinating antibody.

A chronic relapsing model of demyelinating experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in Lewis rats by the repeated co-transfer of encephalitogenic, myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cells in combination with a demyelinating monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). In controls, repeated injections of 5 x 10(5) MBP-specific T cells at intervals of 18-21 days resulted in an increasing resistance to the induction of further episodes of EAE. However, intravenous injection of the mAb 4 days after each T cell transfer overcame this 'vaccination' effect and induced severe clinical relapses associated with an increasing and persistent neurological deficit.

Suboccipital cerebrospinal fluid and plasma concentrations of somatostatin, neuropeptide Y and beta-endorphin in patients with common migraine.

The somatostatin-like (SLI), the neuropeptide Y-like (NPY-LI), and the beta-endorphin-like (BE-LI) immunoreactivities of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained by suboccipital puncture, or plasma from patients suffering from common migraine or other neuropsychiatric disorders were analysed. The SLI concentration was tendentiously decreased in the migraine patients during the attack-free period compared to that of a 'mixed neuropsychiatric group'. During the migraine attack the level of SLI was further decreased.

gamma-Aminobutyric acid stimulates pituitary growth hormone secretion in the neonatal rat. A superfusion study.

The putative inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) elicited a dose-dependent increase in GH secretion from the pituitary of newborn rats. GH secretion increased within 3 min after GABA administration with a peak response at 5-6 min. The lowest effective dose of the GABA agonist muscimol was about 10 times smaller than that of GABA.

Mechanism of restoration of ACTH release in rats with long-term lesions of the paraventricular nuclei.

The effects of lesions in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on the adrenocortical response to ether stress were investigated in neurohypophysectomized and intact rats. During the first 4 days after placement of lesions in the PVN, the corticosterone response to ether stress was almost completely inhibited. It then gradually increased and, within 4-6 weeks of surgery, was restored to about 60% of that in sham-operated rats.

Long-term effects of hypothalamic paraventricular lesion on CRF content and stimulated ACTH secretion.

The effect of short-term (1 wk) and long-term (6 wk) lesion of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis was studied. Six weeks after PVN lesion there was no change in resting morning plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels. The increase of plasma ACTH levels that occurs 8 days after adrenalectomy was inhibited 6 wk after placing a lesion in the PVN.