Clinical Perineal Streptococcal Infection in Children: Epidemiologic Features, Low Symptomatic Recurrence Rate after Treatment, and Risk Factors for Recurrence.

Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiology of perineal streptococcal infection and recurrence rates following amoxicillin treatment.

Study Design: We used laboratory logs in a single pediatric practice to identify patients 0-18 years of age with perineal cultures positive for group A Streptococcus (GAS) and reviewed their medical charts. We described epidemiologic features, determined recurrence rates following antibiotic treatment, and performed a case-control study to identify possible risk factors for recurrence in patients treated with amoxicillin.

Reducing sexual violence by increasing the supply of toilets in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a mathematical model.

Background: Sexual violence is a major public health issue, affecting 35% of women worldwide. Major risk factors for sexual assault include inadequate indoor sanitation and the need to travel to outdoor toilet facilities. We estimated how increasing the number of toilets in an urban township (Khayelitsha, South Africa) might reduce both economic costs and the incidence and social burden of sexual assault.

Revision of the Jones Criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of Doppler echocardiography: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.

Background: Acute rheumatic fever remains a serious healthcare concern for the majority of the world's population despite its decline in incidence in Europe and North America. The goal of this statement was to review the historic Jones criteria used to diagnose acute rheumatic fever in the context of the current epidemiology of the disease and to update those criteria to also take into account recent evidence supporting the use of Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of carditis as a major manifestation of acute rheumatic fever.

Methods And Results: To achieve this goal, the American Heart Association's Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and its Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee organized a writing group to comprehensively review and evaluate the impact of population-specific differences in acute rheumatic fever presentation and changes in presentation that can result from the now worldwide availability of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Neuronal antibody biomarkers for Sydenham's chorea identify a new group of children with chronic recurrent episodic acute exacerbations of tic and obsessive compulsive symptoms following a streptococcal infection.

Several autoantibodies (anti-dopamine 1 (D1R) and 2 (D2R) receptors, anti-tubulin, anti-lysoganglioside-GM1) and antibody-mediated activation of calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling activity are elevated in children with Sydenham's chorea (SC). Recognizing proposed clinical and autoimmune similarities between SC and PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with a streptococcal infection), we sought to identify serial biomarker changes in a slightly different population. Antineuronal antibodies were measured in eight children (mean 11.

Interaction of gold nanoparticles with Doxorubicin mediated by supramolecular chemistry.

A copolymer containing β-cyclodextrin, catechol and polyethylene glycol groups in its side chain was designed for the in situ synthesis and coating of gold nanoparticles (Au@PEG-CD NPs). These platforms were designed as a smart carrier and traceable delivery probe of the chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin drug (Dox). The coated polymer forms stable complexes with Dox in water with a high binding constant (K=2.

Thyroidectomy in a two-year old for graves' disease.

Introduction: The most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children is graves' disease - an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies stimulate the thyrotropin receptor to signal growth thyroid gland by increasing thyroid hormone synthesis and release. It can be treated with medical therapy, radioactive iodine, or surgery.

Presentation Of Case: JD was a two year old male who presented with severe diarrhea and diffuse neck enlargement.

Visual recognition memory, manifested as long-term habituation, requires synaptic plasticity in V1.

Familiarity with stimuli that bring neither reward nor punishment, manifested through behavioral habituation, enables organisms to detect novelty and devote cognition to important elements of the environment. Here we describe in mice a form of long-term behavioral habituation to visual grating stimuli that is selective for stimulus orientation. Orientation-selective habituation (OSH) can be observed both in exploratory behavior in an open arena and in a stereotyped motor response to visual stimuli in head-restrained mice.

A novel, ultrarapid parathyroid hormone assay to distinguish parathyroid from nonparathyroid tissue.

Background: Frozen section is the gold standard for distinguishing parathyroid tissue from lymph nodes, thyroid nodules, or fat during parathyroidectomy and thyroidectomy. Although a very accurate procedure, it can be time-consuming and costly. We hypothesize that the extremely high concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in parathyroid tissue allow for modification of a standard PTH assay that would distinguish parathyroid from nonparathyroid tissue in substantially less time than frozen section or any currently available PTH assay.

Adenoma localization for recurrent or persistent primary hyperparathyroidism using dynamic four-dimensional CT and venous sampling.

Purpose: To determine if parathyroid venous sampling (PVS) combined with four-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) improves sensitivity and accuracy of identification of parathyroid adenoma in patients with recurrent or persistent primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and negative technetium-99m methoxyisobutyl isonitrile ((99m)Tc-MIBI) and ultrasound (US) scans.

Materials And Methods: Both PVS and 4D CT were performed in 28 patients with recurrent or persistent pHPT and negative (99m)Tc-MIBI and US examinations. Localization by 4D CT alone and in combination with PVS and lateralization by PVS alone were retrospectively assessed for correlation with surgical results.

What's in a name?: Providing clarity in the definition of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.

Background: In recent years minimally invasive parathyroidectomy has become the procedure of choice for many surgeons, but the meaning of the term is unclear. This is confusing for both the medical community and patients. We hypothesize that because the definition of minimally invasive parathyriodectomy in the literature is so variable this term has little meaning.

Serum microRNAs; miR-30c-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-302c-3p and miR-17-5p could be used as novel non-invasive biomarkers for HCV-positive cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Recently, serum miRNAs have been evolved as possible biomarkers for different diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma and other types of cancers. Investigating certain serum miRNAs as novel non-invasive markers for early detection of HCV-positive cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression profiles of 58 miRNA were analyzed in patient's plasma of chronic hepatitis C (CHC), HCV-positive cirrhosis and HCV-positive HCC and compared with control group samples.

The Association between Specific Substances of Abuse and Subcortical Intracerebral Hemorrhage Versus Ischemic Lacunar Infarction.

Background: Hypertension damages small vessels, resulting in both lacunar infarction and subcortical intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Substance abuse has also been linked to small vessel pathology. This study explores whether the use of specific substances (e.

Age of diagnosing physician impacts the incidence of thyroid cancer in a population.

Background: Thyroid ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) have been implicated in the overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer. To study how the use of diagnostic tools impacts thyroid cancer incidence, we propose using physician age as a surrogate. We aimed to determine whether thyroid cancer incidence is higher in areas with a high density of young physicians compared with areas with a high density of older physicians.

The U.S. health insurance marketplace: are premiums truly affordable?

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act requires that individuals have health insurance or pay a penalty. Individuals are exempt from paying this penalty if the after-subsidy cost of the least-expensive plan available to them is greater than 8% of their income. For this study, premium data for all health plans offered on the state and federal health insurance marketplaces were collected; the after-subsidy cost of premiums for the least-expensive bronze plan for every county in the United States was calculated; and variations in premium affordability by age, income, and geographic area were assessed.

A population pharmacokinetic modeling approach shows that serum penicillin G concentrations are below inhibitory concentrations by two weeks after benzathine penicillin G injection in the majority of young adults.

Serum penicillin G falls to low levels 2 weeks after injection as benzathine penicillin G (BPG) in young adults. Using Pmetrics and previously reported penicillin G pharmacokinetic data after 1.2 million units were given as BPG to 329 male military recruits, here we develop the first reported population pharmacokinetic model of penicillin G after BPG injection.

Every family has a north star: family healing and recovery.

Topic: This contribution describes a personal recovery journey and the creation of an organization focused on rebuilding relationships between members of families living with a parent(s) with psychiatric disabilities.

Purpose: Adults living with serious mental illnesses have the same hopes and dreams of being successful and resourceful parents to their children and contributing family members as other parents. Specific suggestions highlight ways in which mental health and psychiatric rehabilitation practitioners can support and promote recovery for families.

Saturation of nonaxisymmetric instabilities of magnetized spherical Couette flow.

We numerically investigate the saturation of the hydromagnetic instabilities of a magnetized spherical Couette flow. Previous simulations demonstrated a region where the axisymmetric flow, calculated from a 2D simulation, was linearly unstable to nonaxisymmetric perturbations. Full, nonlinear, 3d simulations showed that the saturated state would consist only of harmonics of one azimuthal wave number, though there were bifurcations and transitions as nondimensional parameters (Re, Ha) were varied.

A novel technique to improve the diagnostic yield of negative sestamibi scans.

Introduction: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is successful in achieving cure for most patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Most surgeons rely on preoperative imaging as part of the workup for localization. Ultrasonography and sestamibi are the 2 most commonly used preoperative imaging studies.

Identification of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase activity in azoreductases from P. aeruginosa: azoreductases and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductases belong to the same FMN-dependent superfamily of enzymes.

Water soluble quinones are a group of cytotoxic anti-bacterial compounds that are secreted by many species of plants, invertebrates, fungi and bacteria. Studies in a number of species have shown the importance of quinones in response to pathogenic bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas. Two electron reduction is an important mechanism of quinone detoxification as it generates the less toxic quinol.

Synchrony can destabilize reward-sensitive networks.

When exposed to rewarding stimuli, only some animals develop persistent craving. Others are resilient and do not. How the activity of neural populations relates to the development of persistent craving behavior is not fully understood.

Updated prognostic model for predicting overall survival in first-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Purpose: Prognostic models for overall survival (OS) for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are dated and do not reflect significant advances in treatment options available for these patients. This work developed and validated an updated prognostic model to predict OS in patients receiving first-line chemotherapy.

Methods: Data from a phase III trial of 1,050 patients with mCRPC were used (Cancer and Leukemia Group B CALGB-90401 [Alliance]).

Symptoms and Quality of Life: Before and after stem cell transplantation in cancer.

Objective: This study was conducted thinking that it was extremely important in terms of the disease and treatment to assess the symptoms that may be encountered before and after a stem cell transplantation and quality of life.

Methodology: A prospective longitudinal design was used.The study was completed in two years on 82 patients who underwent transplantation at the bone marrow transplantation unit.