[Monitoring detection and treatment of new patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

We estimated results of detection and treatment of TB patients registered in 2006 in 15 regions of RF under supervision of the Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis. The fraction of sputum positive patients increased in comparison with 2005. It ranged from 77.

[Role of health care facilities in verifying the diagnosis of respiratory tuberculosis by laboratory methods].

Reasons for laboratory misdiagnosis that is observed in general health care network (GHCN) and penitentiaries were studied. The clinical efficiency of the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the GHCN by the Ziehl-Neelsen method is largely determined by three major factors, each of which is fundamentally important in assessing the result. The first factor is the adequacy of making up a cohort of patients having the symptoms of productive cough in the course of 2-3 weeks or more who are to be examined for tuberculosis by laboratory studies.

[Monitoring of the detection of new pulmonary tuberculosis cases and the efficiency of their treatment in the area supervised by the Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences].

The results of the detection and treatment of new pulmonary tuberculosis cases in 2006 were assessed in 15 subjects of the Russian Federation, supervised by the Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. As compared with 2005, in 2006 the proportion of bacteria-discharging individuals increased among the new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and ranged from 77.1% in the Oryol Region to 35.

[The significance of parameters of the reservoir of bacillary patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the assessment of tuberculosis epidemic situation].

The author analyzes the tuberculosis epidemic situation in Russia, by using the traditional scheme accepted in Russia and the procedure based on the follow-up of bacillary patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The proposed procedure enabled the author to ascertain the reasons for the decreased rates of normalization of the tuberculosis situation and to make an objective proposal to implement tuberculosis-controlling measures. The performed study has led the author to recommend a new form of calculating the abacillation index and of establishing the standard for the proportion (75-85%) of bacterial isolation in patients with new-onset pulmonary tuberculosis.

[Impact of introduction of the WHO tuberculosis-controlling recommendations adapted to the Russian conditions on the Russian statistical tuberculosis data].

The authors share their experience in introducing the WHO tuberculosis-controlling recommendations adapted to the Russian conditions into the Republic of Mariy El, in the Ivanovo, Oryol, and Tomsk Regions. All the areas are marked by high rates of diagnosis of MBT in the clinical diagnostic laboratories of the general medical network, by the increased rates of detection of patients of tuberculosis who isolate Mycobacterium tuberculosis, by the enhanced efficiency of treatment of patients with tuberculosis, as shown by the Russian statistical data, by the lower rates of growth of the contingents of patients with tuberculosis or by their reduction.

[Tuberculosis in Russia].

An unfavorable epidemiological trend in tuberculosis morbidity and mortality has been registered in the last decade. The number of newly detected cases and mortality in 1997 vs 1991 rose more than 2-fold reaching 73.9 and 16.

[Increasing the general practitioner's role in detecting patients with tuberculosis].

Due to the fact that the concept of detection of tuberculosis mainly using fluorographic studies have been long existing in Russia (for about 40 years), the general practitioners have lost their skills in differentiating tuberculosis from other lund diseases, eventually leading to its late diagnosis and a higher proportion of advanced tuberculosis cases. Recommendations are given how to involve general practitioners in detecting patients with tuberculosis actively.

[Concept basic principles of antituberculous measures management under the new socioeconomic conditions in Russia].

The changed socioeconomic conditions require that a new concept of management of antituberculous measures be established. This includes measures, such as to set up interdepartmental tuberculosis control commissions, to adopt a law on protection of the population from tuberculosis, to transit from extensive to intensive methods of detection and treatment of tuberculosis, and requires a monitoring system for antituberculosis measures, regular supply with antituberculous drugs, and a medical educational system. The government must be the leader to control tuberculosis.

[Prevalence of tuberculosis in the personnel of antituberculosis institutions in Russian Federation].

Questionnaires were distributed among all the heads of regional antituberculous services in Russia as to cases of tuberculosis among medical personnel in contact with tuberculous patients. The results of this study as well as programs to control tuberculosis in medical personnel are presented. Special measures of social support for those at occupational risk of tuberculosis are detailed.