An Artificial Intelligent System for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis in Whole Slide Images.

In recent years a significant demand to develop computer-assisted diagnostic tools to assess prostate cancer using whole slide images has been observed. In this study we develop and validate a machine learning system for cancer assessment, inclusive of detection of perineural invasion and measurement of cancer portion to meet clinical reporting needs. The system analyses the whole slide image in three consecutive stages: tissue detection, classification, and slide level analysis.

Distribution of topical ocular nepafenac and its active metabolite amfenac to the posterior segment of the eye.

Nepafenac ophthalmic suspensions, 0.1% (NEVANAC(®)) and 0.3% (ILEVRO™), are topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) products approved in the United States, Europe and various other countries to treat pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery.

CEP biomarkers as potential tools for monitoring therapeutics.

Background: Carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP) adducts are oxidative modifications derived from docosahexaenoate-containing lipids that are elevated in ocular tissues and plasma in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and in rodents exposed to intense light. The goal of this study was to determine whether light-induced CEP adducts and autoantibodies are modulated by pretreatment with AL-8309A under conditions that prevent photo-oxidative damage of rat retina. AL-8309A is a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist.

Agonists at the serotonin receptor (5-HT(1A)) protect the retina from severe photo-oxidative stress.

Purpose: 5-HT(1A) agonists are neuroprotective in CNS injury models. The authors evaluated the efficacy of 5-HT(1A) agonists to protect the retina from severe blue light-induced photo-oxidative damage.

Methods: Albino rats were dosed (subcutaneously) with AL-8309A, 8-OH DPAT, or buspirone once or three times before 6-hour exposure to blue light.

Inflammation-mediated retinal edema in the rabbit is inhibited by topical nepafenac.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug nepafenac to prevent development of mitogen-induced pan-retinal edema following topical ocular application in the rabbit. Anesthetized Dutch Belted rabbits were injected intravitreally (30 microg/20 microL) with the mitogen concanavalin A to induce posterior segment inflammation and thickening (edema) of the retina. The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph was used to generate edema maps using custom software.

Levobetaxolol-induced Up-regulation of retinal bFGF and CNTF mRNAs and preservation of retinal function against a photic-induced retinopathy.

Betaxolol (racemic), a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist that is used to lower intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma, has been shown to protect inner retina cells from various insults. To determine if such protection could be afforded to retinal photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE), levobetaxolol (S-betaxolol) was evaluated in a photic-induced retinopathy model. Rats were dosed (IP) with vehicle or levobetaxolol (10 and 20 mg kg(-1)) 48, 24 and 0 hr prior to exposure for 6 hr to fluorescent blue light.

Adenocarcinoma of the colon developing on the basis of Crohn's disease in childhood.

Colorectal carcinoma rarely affects children and has a dismal prognosis with 5-year survival rates as low as 2.5%-7% despite apparently radical surgery. Here we report the case of an adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon in a 15-year-old girl preceded by uncertain abdominal complaints of 5 years' duration.

Bcl-2 overexpression protects photooxidative stress-induced apoptosis of photoreceptor cells via NF-kappaB preservation.

We recently showed that photooxidative stress on cultured photoreceptor cells results in down-modulation of NF-kappaB activity which then leads to apoptosis of cultured 661W photoreceptor cells. In an effort to further delineate the mechanism of photoreceptor cell death, we sought to determine the effects of Bcl-2 overexpression on cell survivability. Wild-type 661W cells were transfected with the plasmid construct pSFFV-neo-Bcl-2 and several clones were isolated.

[Lipomatous meningioma: report of two cases and review of the literature].

Lipomatous meningioma is a benign tumor characterized either by an admixture of mature adipocytes and meningioma or the production of triglycerides by neoplastic meningothelial cells assuming a lipoblast-like appearance. The authors report on two instances of this exceedingly rare lesion occurring in the left middle cranial fossa and over the right frontal convexity of two female patients aged 79 years and 60 years, respectively. In the former, the tumor was an incidental autopsy finding, while the latter underwent surgery for symptoms of intracranial space occupation.

Neuroprotective effects of eliprodil in retinal excitotoxicity and ischemia.

Purpose: To evaluate whether eliprodil (SL82.0715), a NR2B-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, is protective of retina subjected to an excitotoxic or ischemic insult.

Methods: To evaluate protection against retinal excitotoxicity, eliprodil was administered intraperitoneally before and after the injection of NMDA (5 microl, 20 nmol) into the vitreous of rats.

Protection by eliprodil against excitotoxicity in cultured rat retinal ganglion cells.

Purpose: To test whether eliprodil (SL 82.0715), a unique antagonist for the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, is protective in the glutamate-induced cytotoxicity model in cultured rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

Methods: Two to four days after a fluorescent dye, Di-I, was injected near the superior colliculi, neonatal rats were killed, and retinal cells were dissociated and cultured.

Eliprodil, a non-competitive, NR2B-selective NMDA antagonist, protects pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices from hypoxic/ischemic damage.

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor is one pathway through which excessive influx of calcium has been suggested to trigger ischemia-induced delayed neuronal death. NMDA receptors are heterooligomeric complexes comprised of both NR1 and NR2A-D subunits, in various combinations. NR2B-containing NMDA complexes exhibit larger, more prolonged conductances than those lacking this subunit.

The cerebral circulatory response during canine anaphylactic shock.

Radiolabeled microspheres were employed to measure the cerebrovascular response to severe anaphylactic-induced hypotension in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. A rapid drop in mean arterial pressure (MAP, 140 to below 50 mm Hg) coincided with total and regional cerebral blood flows (CBF) that were not significantly different from prechallenge values. While blood flow to the occipital region (highest measured region of the brain) was significantly greater than that of brainstem regions prior to and during the shock regimen, no major redistributional phenomena occurred to any cerebral region.

Hemodynamic and regional circulatory alterations in dog during anaphylactic challenge.

Microspheres were employed to measure the cardiac output (CO), percent distribution of CO (%CO), and blood flow (BF) to various tissues in the dog during anaphylactic shock. Five minutes after challenge there was a 66 and 83% drop from control for mean arterial pressure and CO, respectively. Arterial glucose and lactic acid rose 62 and 537%, respectively.

The effects of acute and chronic morphine on regional distribution of cardiac output in brain.

Both acute and chronic administration of morphine resulted in an increase in the percent cardiac output received by brain. However, various brain regions were affected differently by the drug treatments. The greatest increases in percent cardiac output received after chronic administration of morphine occurred in pons and cerebellum, while the greatest increases after acute administration occurred in cortex and midbrain.

Lysophospholipase activity in rabbit skeletal muscle.

Skeletal muscle contains appreciable lysophospholipase activity which is differentiated by muscle type with red muscle subcellular fractions having greater activity than the corresponding white ones.

The effects of cortisone treatment and burn injury on plasma and lung lavage cortisol concentrations and alveolar macrophage activity.

Thermal injury often results in the development of compromised host defense mechanisms against infections (eg, increased incidence of pulmonary sepsis in postburn animals has been attributed to impaired cellular defenses in the lung). Recent reports have demonstrated that high dose glucocorticoid therapy used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and shock also results in an increased susceptibility of the host to pulmonary sepsis. Although several defense mechanisms are available to the respiratory tract combating bacterial challenges, the major cellular defense is the alveolar macrophage, which phagocytizes infectious agents and potentially toxic particulate matter that infiltrate the lower respiratory tract.