"Visualization matters" - stereoscopic visualization of 3D graphic neuroanatomic models through AnaVu enhances basic recall and radiologic anatomy learning when compared with monoscopy.

Background: The authors had previously developed AnaVu, a low-resource 3D visualization tool for stereoscopic/monoscopic projection of 3D models generated from pre-segmented MRI neuroimaging data. However, its utility in neuroanatomical education compared to conventional methods (specifically whether the stereoscopic or monoscopic mode is more effective) is still unclear.

Methods: A three-limb randomized controlled trial was designed.

Single centre experience of flow diverter treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms from South India: Intermediate and long-term outcomes.

Background And Purpose: To report the intermediate and long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms with flow diverter (FD) stents.

Setting: A tertiary care centre from south India.

Materials And Methods: Patients treated with FD stents were retrospectively analyzed.

Incidentally detected right aortic arch with mirror image branching in a patient with rheumatic calcific mitral valve disease.

An isolated right-sided aortic arch with no congenital heart disease is extremely rare. We report an adult woman with longstanding rheumatic heart disease causing severe calcific mitral stenosis, moderate mitral regurgitation and moderate pulmonary hypertension, for which she underwent mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty. On preoperative work-up, she was detected to have a right-sided aortic arch with mirror image branching along with a ductal dimple.

Submitral Aneurysm After Pulmonary Artery Banding-A Case Report.

Submitral aneurysms are rare clinical entities occurring predominantly in young adults of African descent. A host of etiologies have been proposed for this entity. We present a unique case of submitral aneurysm which developed after pulmonary artery banding in a three-year-old girl with complex congenital heart disease.

Dwell Time of Stentriever Influences Complete Revascularization and First-Pass TICI 3 Revascularization in Acute Large Vessel Occlusive Stroke.

Objective: In acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion, the interaction between the clot retriever and the stent is critical for achieving successful recanalization. The ideal time of stent deployment (dwell time [DT]) to improve revascularization is currently unknown. We systematically analyzed the effect of different DT on final angiographic and clinical outcomes of patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy.

Partially Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection to Solitary and Persistent Left Superior Caval Vein in Usual Visceroatrial Arrangement.

Although the occurrence of bilateral superior caval veins (SCVs) is not unusual, persistence of the left SCV with atretic right SCV is extremely uncommon in the setting of normal visceroatrial arrangement. We report such a case that was also associated with anomalous pulmonary venous connection of the right pulmonary veins to the solitary left SCV.

The making of indigenous vascular prosthesis.

Background & Objectives: Vascular illnesses are on the rise in India, due to increase in lifestyle diseases and demographic transition, requiring intervention to save life, organ or limbs using vascular prosthesis. The aim of this study was to develop indigenous large diameter vascular graft for treatment of patients with vascular pathologies.

Methods: The South India Textile Research Association, at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, developed seamless woven polyester (Polyethylene terephthalate) graft at its research wing.

The application of susceptibility-weighted MRI in pre-interventional evaluation of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Background And Purpose: Detection and characterization of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is important to plan appropriate therapeutic management. The aim of this study was to analyze the utility of susceptibility-weighted MRI (SWI) in the pre-therapeutic assessment of DAVF in comparison with gold standard digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Materials And Methods: Prospectively, 26 patients with DAVFs underwent a thorough clinical examination and MRI including SWI followed by cerebral DSA.

Usefulness of flat detector CT (FD-CT) with biplane fluoroscopy for complication avoidance during radiofrequency thermal rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia.

Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterized by episodes of shooting pain in the areas innervated by one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The initial treatment of TN is with drugs but the increased frequency and intensity of the neuralgic episodes often force the patient to seek alternative therapies. Microvascular decompression (MVD) and radiofrequency thermal lesioning of trigeminal rootlets (RFTR) offer close to the best results for TN.

Rosette forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle in squash cytology smear.

Rosette forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) is a recently recognized and extremely rare glioneuronal tumor occurring in the fourth ventricle. It is crucial for the cytopathologist to be aware of this entity as it can be easily mistaken for more common neoplasms occurring at this site. We present here the cytology of such a rare case of RGNT that was misdiagnosed as ependymoma.

Synchronous hybrid repair for ruptured aneurysm of bovine aortic arch.

Rupture of an aortic arch aneurysm is a life-threatening emergency with the risk of mortality escalating by the hour. We describe the successful hybrid repair of a ruptured bovine aortic arch aneurysm in a 75-year-old man, which involved aortic arch debranching by ascending aorta-bicarotid bypass followed by relining of the aortic lumen with a stent-graft. The procedure was not only lifesaving but also resulted in an active gentleman at 2-year follow-up.

Moderately differentiated peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung with cilia.

We report an extremely rare case in which cilia were identifiable on light microscopic examination in cells of a moderately differentiated peripheral adenocarcinoma in the lung. The cells were positive for cytokeratin 7, and the cilia were highlighted by epithelial membrane antigen staining. The prognostic significance of these extremely well-differentiated ciliated tumor cells will be known only with long-term follow-up of the patient and analysis of more such tumors.

Neuroenteric cysts of the brain-comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging.

Neuroenteric cysts are developmental cysts that should be differentiated from other, more common non-neoplastic cysts as well as cystic neoplasms. While these lesions may have varied imaging findings, T1 hyperintense prepontine lesion due to mucinous/proteinaceous content is characteristic. Location and imaging characteristics aid in formulating the correct diagnosis of neuroepithelial/neuroenteric cysts.

Chronic mesenteric ischemia and therapeutic paradigm of mesenteric revascularization.

Chronic mesenteric ischemia is a life-threatening clinical problem resulting in death from inanition and/or bowel infarction, if left untreated, albeit low disease prevalence. Typical presentation is postprandial abdominal pain, severe weight loss, and altered bowel habit. Surgical revascularization of the superior mesenteric artery provides effective long-term treatment for chronic intestinal ischemia.

Multimodality imaging of carotid atherosclerotic plaque: Going beyond stenosis.

Apart from the degree of stenosis, the morphology of carotid atherosclerotic plaques and presence of neovascularization are important factors that may help to evaluate the risk and 'vulnerability' of plaques and may also influence the choice of treatment. In this article, we aim to describe the techniques and imaging findings on CTA, high resolution MRI and contrast enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. We also discuss a few representative cases from our institute with the related clinical implications.

Spontaneous intracranial hypo and hypertensions: an imaging review.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure changes can manifest as either intracranial hypertension or hypotension. The idiopathic forms are largely under or misdiagnosed. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension occurs due to reduced CSF pressure usually as a result of a spontaneous dural tear.

Applications of 3D CISS sequence for problem solving in neuroimaging.

Three-dimensional (3D) constructive interference in steady state (CISS) is a gradient-echo MRI sequence that is used to investigate a wide range of pathologies when routine MRI sequences do not provide the desired anatomic information. The increased sensitivity of the 3D CISS sequence is an outcome of the accentuation of the T2 values between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and pathological structures. Apart from its well-recognized applications in the evaluation of the cranial nerves, CSF rhinorrhea and aqueduct stenosis, we have found the CISS sequence to be useful for the cisternal spaces, cavernous sinuses and the ventricular system, where it is useful for detecting subtle CSF-intensity lesions that may be missed on routine spin-echo sequences.