"Visualization matters" - stereoscopic visualization of 3D graphic neuroanatomic models through AnaVu enhances basic recall and radiologic anatomy learning when compared with monoscopy.

Background: The authors had previously developed AnaVu, a low-resource 3D visualization tool for stereoscopic/monoscopic projection of 3D models generated from pre-segmented MRI neuroimaging data. However, its utility in neuroanatomical education compared to conventional methods (specifically whether the stereoscopic or monoscopic mode is more effective) is still unclear.

Methods: A three-limb randomized controlled trial was designed.

Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement in cardiac MRI of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy patients.

Background: The role of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in cardiac MRI (CMR) as prognostic marker in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) is evolving.

Objective: To study the effect of LGE in the prognosis of NIDCM patients.

Methods: 112 consecutive NIDCM patients, who underwent CMR, were prospectively followed up for 745 ± 320 days.

Prospective Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Safety and Efficacy of Perclose Proglide Vascular Closure Device in Neurovascular Interventions.

Background: Most of the neurointerventional procedures use various anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and fibrinolytic drugs, and it can predispose arterial access site complications. Safe and efficient closure arteriotomy site has extreme importance in reducing the morbidity. Percutaneous vascular closure devices (VCDs) enable us to close the arteriotomy sites.

Incidentally detected right aortic arch with mirror image branching in a patient with rheumatic calcific mitral valve disease.

An isolated right-sided aortic arch with no congenital heart disease is extremely rare. We report an adult woman with longstanding rheumatic heart disease causing severe calcific mitral stenosis, moderate mitral regurgitation and moderate pulmonary hypertension, for which she underwent mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty. On preoperative work-up, she was detected to have a right-sided aortic arch with mirror image branching along with a ductal dimple.

Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaques: Multimodality Imaging with Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Introduction: The imaging of carotid plaques has undergone a paradigm shift increasing importance being given to plaque characterization. Patients with "vulnerable" plaques are more prone to develop future neurovascular events.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of multimodality imaging techniques in the assessment of carotid atherosclerotic plaques.

CNS small vessel vasculitis: Distinct MRI features and histopathological correlation.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis is an uncommon disease, which is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for physicians. Large and medium vessel vasculitis is relatively easy to diagnose by angiogram compared to small vessel vasculitis, where angiograms are often normal; imaging features described till date are sensitive but not specific.

Purpose: Here, we describe distinct magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of CNS small vessel vasculitis.

Dwell Time of Stentriever Influences Complete Revascularization and First-Pass TICI 3 Revascularization in Acute Large Vessel Occlusive Stroke.

Objective: In acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion, the interaction between the clot retriever and the stent is critical for achieving successful recanalization. The ideal time of stent deployment (dwell time [DT]) to improve revascularization is currently unknown. We systematically analyzed the effect of different DT on final angiographic and clinical outcomes of patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy.

Plasmacytoma of the clivus.

We report a case of solitary plasmacytoma of the clivus in a 55 year old male.

Susceptibility weighted imaging - a problem-solving tool in differentiation of cerebellopontine angle schwannomas and meningiomas.

Background and purpose Vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas of the cerebellopontine angle can be differentiated by the presence of foci of blooming on susceptibility weighted imaging. Materials and methods In this retrospective study, magnetic resonance imaging with susceptibility weighted imaging sequence in addition to other routine sequences was done in 73 patients. All the cases were studied for the presence of foci of blooming within the tumor on susceptibility weighted imaging.

Resting state fMRI: A review on methods in resting state connectivity analysis and resting state networks.

The inquisitiveness about what happens in the brain has been there since the beginning of humankind. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a prominent tool which helps in the non-invasive examination, localisation as well as lateralisation of brain functions such as language, memory, etc. In recent years, there is an apparent shift in the focus of neuroscience research to studies dealing with a brain at 'resting state'.

Combining Diffusion Tensor Metrics and DSC Perfusion Imaging: Can It Improve the Diagnostic Accuracy in Differentiating Tumefactive Demyelination from High-Grade Glioma?

Background And Purpose: Tumefactive demyelinating lesions with atypical features can mimic high-grade gliomas on conventional imaging sequences. The aim of this study was to assess the role of conventional imaging, DTI metrics ( tensor decomposition), and DSC perfusion in differentiating tumefactive demyelinating lesions and high-grade gliomas.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen patients with tumefactive demyelinating lesions and 21 patients with high-grade gliomas underwent brain MR imaging with conventional, DTI, and DSC perfusion imaging.

The making of indigenous vascular prosthesis.

Background & Objectives: Vascular illnesses are on the rise in India, due to increase in lifestyle diseases and demographic transition, requiring intervention to save life, organ or limbs using vascular prosthesis. The aim of this study was to develop indigenous large diameter vascular graft for treatment of patients with vascular pathologies.

Methods: The South India Textile Research Association, at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, developed seamless woven polyester (Polyethylene terephthalate) graft at its research wing.

Quantification of diffusion and anisotropy in intracranial epidermoids using diffusion tensor metrics and p: q tensor decomposition.

Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate the diffusion tensor metrics p, q, L and fractional anisotropy in intracranial epidermoids in comparison with normal white matter in the splenium of the corpus callosum.

Methods: This retrospective study included 20 consecutive patients referred to our institute. All patients had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study on a 1.

The application of susceptibility-weighted MRI in pre-interventional evaluation of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Background And Purpose: Detection and characterization of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is important to plan appropriate therapeutic management. The aim of this study was to analyze the utility of susceptibility-weighted MRI (SWI) in the pre-therapeutic assessment of DAVF in comparison with gold standard digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Materials And Methods: Prospectively, 26 patients with DAVFs underwent a thorough clinical examination and MRI including SWI followed by cerebral DSA.

Surgical Closure of Aortopulmonary Window in a Topsy-Turvy Heart: A Surgical Challenge.

Topsy-turvy heart is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by a 90° rotation of the heart along its long axis. The great vessels originate posteroinferiorly, and the arch vessels are elongated and join the aorta well below the carina. It is usually associated with aortic arch and tracheobronchial anomalies.

Imaging of skull base pathologies: Role of advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques.

Imaging plays a vital role in evaluation of skull base pathologies as this region is not directly accessible for clinical evaluation. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have played complementary roles in the diagnosis of the various neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the skull base. However, CT and conventional MRI may at times be insufficient to correctly pinpoint the accurate diagnosis.

Rosette forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle in squash cytology smear.

Rosette forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) is a recently recognized and extremely rare glioneuronal tumor occurring in the fourth ventricle. It is crucial for the cytopathologist to be aware of this entity as it can be easily mistaken for more common neoplasms occurring at this site. We present here the cytology of such a rare case of RGNT that was misdiagnosed as ependymoma.

Varying clinical and imaging outcomes in patients with spontaneous thrombosis of vein of Galen malformation--a report of two cases.

Background: Vein of Galen malformations are rare congenital intracranial vascular malformations. The pathophysiological consequences usually manifest as high-output cardiac failure and neurological symptoms secondary to cerebral venous congestion and abnormal CSF flow. Management of these patients is complex.