Longitudinal changes of microbiome composition and microbial metabolomics after surgical weight loss in individuals with obesity.

Background: Some of the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery may be mediated by the gut microbiome.

Objectives: To study the effect of bariatric surgery on changes to gut microbiota composition and bacterial pathways, and their relation to metabolic parameters after bariatric surgery.

Settings: University hospitals in the United States and Spain.

Proinsulin associates with poor β-cell function, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, and insulin resistance in persistent type 2 diabetes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in humans.

Background: The determinants of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission and/or relapse after gastric bypass (RYGB) remain fully unknown. This study characterized β- and α-cell function, in cretin hormone release and insulin sensitivity in individuals with (remitters) or without (non-remitters) diabetes remission after RYGB.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of two distinct cohorts of individuals with or without diabetes remission at least 2 years after RYGB.

Role of Ethnicity on Weight Loss and Attrition After Bariatric Surgery.

Ethnicity has been shown to affect weight loss outcome and attrition after bariatric surgery. We analyze data from a multiethnic urban cohort of patients (n = 570) followed up to 12 months after either gastric bypass (RYGB) or gastric banding (AGB) surgery. Percent total weight loss was greater at 1 year after RYGB (35%) compared with that of AGB (13%), regardless of ethnicity.