Dual burden of TB and mental ill-health: Prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among TB patients in Gujarat.

Context: The coexistence of tuberculosis (TB) and mental disorder presents a daunting public health challenge. Studies suggest that TB patients often experience co-morbid mental health problems, highlighting a dual burden of illness. However, due to limited research in Gujarat, we cannot draw definitive conclusions or develop targeted mental health interventions for this population.

The impact of social support on university students living with mental illness: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Background: Limited reviews address the role of social support for university students with mental health issues, despite its proven significance for other vulnerable groups.

Aims: The current review aims to examine the current evidence on the nature and impact of social support for students with self-reported and diagnosed mental health problems, along with the availability and effectiveness of social support interventions.

Methods: Electronic databases (CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, HMIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science) and grey literature databases (EThOS, SSRN) were systematically searched from inception to March 2024 Articles were eligible for inclusion if they reported on the nature and role of social support for university students with mental health problems.

Primary pleural lymphoma.

Primary pleural lymphoma is very rare and occurs in only seven percent (7%) of lymphoma cases [1]. There are very few reports of primary pleural lymphoma and even then, it has been described in association with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection or pyothorax [2]. However, we report a case of a patient with no history of HIV or pyothorax who presented with chronic cough and eventually progressively worsening dyspnea and found to have pleural thickening and a pleural-based mass.

An inducible genetic tool to track and manipulate specific microglial states reveals their plasticity and roles in remyelination.

Recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies have revealed distinct microglial states in development and disease. These include proliferative-region-associated microglia (PAMs) in developing white matter and disease-associated microglia (DAMs) prevalent in various neurodegenerative conditions. PAMs and DAMs share a similar core gene signature.

The prevalence of common mental disorders across 18 ethnic groups in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS).

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted mental health in the general population in Britain. Ethnic minority people suffered disproportionately, in terms of health and economic outcomes, which may contribute to poorer mental health. We compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety across 18 ethnic groups in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Marginalisation and distrust in the context of the COVID-19 vaccination programme: experiences of communities in a northern UK city region.

Background: There are clear inequalities in COVID - 19 vaccination rates amongst marginalised groups, with lower rates for some minoritised ethnic and religious groups, younger people, those living in more deprived areas, and with lower socio-economic status. Existing research focuses on psychological and socio-economic factors that influence vaccine uptake and does not explore broader social and historical contexts. Understanding inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake requires a critical examination of the drivers of, and barriers to, vaccination.

Quality of ethnicity data within Scottish health records and implications of misclassification for ethnic inequalities in severe COVID-19: a national linked data study.

Background: We compared the quality of ethnicity coding within the Public Health Scotland Ethnicity Look-up (PHS-EL) dataset, and other National Health Service datasets, with the 2011 Scottish Census.

Methods: Measures of quality included the level of missingness and misclassification. We examined the impact of misclassification using Cox proportional hazards to compare the risk of severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (hospitalization & death) by ethnic group.

LST-1 is a bifunctional regulator that feeds back on Notch-dependent transcription to regulate germline stem cells.

Notch signaling regulates stem cells across animal phylogeny. Notch signaling activates transcription of two genes, and , that encode potent regulators of germline stem cells. The LST-1 protein regulates stem cells in two distinct ways: It promotes self-renewal posttranscriptionally and also restricts self-renewal by a poorly understood mechanism.

Pathways to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 health outcomes in the United Kingdom: A systematic map.

Background: Marked ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection and its consequences have been documented. The aim of this paper is to identify the range and nature of evidence on potential pathways which lead to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 related health outcomes in the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods: We searched six bibliographic and five grey literature databases from 1 December 2019 to 23 February 2022 for research on pathways to ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 health outcomes in the UK.

Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, intensive care admission, and death: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of over 200 million study participants.

Background: COVID-19 has exacerbated existing ethnic inequalities in health. Little is known about whether inequalities in severe disease and deaths, observed globally among minoritised ethnic groups, relates to greater infection risk, poorer prognosis, or both. We analysed global data on COVID-19 clinical outcomes examining inequalities between people from minoritised ethnic groups compared to the ethnic majority group.

Stigma, mental illness & ethnicity: Time to centre racism and structural stigma.

This article critically reviews previous research in the field of stigma, mental illness and 'race' and ethnicity, and argues for a shift of focus from individual and community blame, as inferred by mental illness stigma, to a more comprehensive view of how stigma operates against a backdrop of structural and institutional racism. Ethnic minority people have poorer mental health outcomes compared with White majority populations. Dominant narratives of greater mental illness stigma in ethnic minority populations, due to religious, spiritual or traditional beliefs and leading to a lower use of services, have taken centre stage in the explanations for these consequent poorer outcomes.

The enduring effects of racism on health: Understanding direct and indirect effects over time.

Experiences of racism and racial discrimination are associated with poorer mental and physical health outcomes for people from minoritised ethnic groups. One mechanism by which racism leads to poor health is through reduced socio-economic resources, but the evidence documenting the direct and indirect effects of racism on health via socio-economic inequality over time is under-developed. The central aims of this paper are to better understand how racism affects health over time, by age, and via the key mechanism of socio-economic inequality.

The practice of participatory action research: Complicity, power and prestige in dialogue with the 'racialised mad'.

Mental health service users in the UK have become increasingly involved in research over the last 2 decades partly as a consequence of research governance. Ethnic minority service users, however, point to power imbalances stemming from marginalisation and discrimination creating barriers to knowledge co-production (Kalathil, J. (2013).

Racism as the fundamental cause of ethnic inequities in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A theoretical framework and empirical exploration using the UK Household Longitudinal Study.

Ethnic inequities in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have been reported in the United Kingdom (UK), and elsewhere. Explanations have mainly focused on differences in the level of concern about side effects, and in lack of trust in the development and efficacy of vaccines. Here we propose that racism is the fundamental cause of ethnic inequities in vaccine hesitancy.

Evaluation Results From the Healthy Work Collaborative: A Cross-Sectoral Capacity Building Partnership to Address Precarious Employment.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has illuminated the profound health and safety risks of precariously employed workers, many of whom are disproportionately Latinx and Black. Precarious employment (PE) is a social determinant of health (SDOH) characterized by low wages, hazardous conditions, unstable work schedules, no termination protection, and few benefits. Even before COVID-19, calls for more effective health promotion efforts to address SDOH like PE existed.

Investigating ethnic inequalities in hearing aid use in England and Wales: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To establish whether ethnic inequalities exist in levels of self-reported hearing difficulty and hearing aid use among middle-aged adults.

Design: Cross-sectional data from the UK Biobank resource.

Study Sample: 164,460 participants aged 40-69 who answered hearing questions at an assessment centre in England or Wales.

Understanding ethnic inequalities in hearing health in the UK: a cross-sectional study of the link between language proficiency and performance on the Digit Triplet Test.

Introduction: Research using the UK Biobank data has shown ethnic inequalities in hearing health; however, the hearing test used may exhibit a disadvantage for non-native language speakers.

Objectives: To validate the results of the UK Biobank hearing test (Digit Triplet Test, DTT) against self-reported measures of hearing in the dataset and create classifications of hearing health. To observe if language proficiency and migration age have the same effect on hearing health classification as on the DTT in isolation.

"Side effects--part of the package": a mixed methods approach to study adverse events among patients being programmatically treated for DR-TB in Gujarat, India.

Background: High rates of Adverse Events (AEs) during treatment is one of the leading causes of unsuccessful treatment outcomes among patients with drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). However, information related to AEs is not systematically collected and managed under programmatic setting. The present study assessed the a) incidence and pattern of adverse events in first three months of DR-TB treatment initiation; b) treatment seeking behaviour for AE management; and c) explore the challenges in seeking treatment and reporting AEs.

Development of the Healthy Work Collaborative: Findings From an Action Research Study to Inform a Policy, Systems, and Environmental Change Capacity-Building Initiative Addressing Precarious Employment.

Precarious employment (PE) is a complex problem that affects an increasing number of workers across all economic sectors who experience low wages, hazardous conditions, and few benefits, and results in adverse health outcomes. PE is characterized by nontraditional work arrangements, precluding workplace-based interventions. Policy, systems, and environmental initiatives that engage cross-sectoral stakeholders may be an applicable health promotion approach to address PE.

Evening circadian preference is associated with sleep problems and daytime sleepiness in adolescents with ADHD.

Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by disruptions in sleep and changes in circadian preferences. Although adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at even higher risk of sleep disruption than their peers, no study has examined whether circadian preference is associated with sleep problems and daytime sleepiness in adolescents with ADHD. This study provides an initial test of the hypothesis that greater evening preference would be associated with more sleep problems and daytime sleepiness in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD.