Ensuring the integrity and transferability of digital messages is an important challenge in modern communications. Although purely mathematical approaches exist, they usually rely on the computational complexity of certain functions, in which case there is no guarantee of long-term security. Alternatively, quantum digital signatures offer security guaranteed by the physical laws of quantum mechanics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common infectious complication in chemotherapy. The mortality of FN is higher in hematologic malignancy patients, and early diagnostic marker is needed. Presepsin is a prompt and specific marker for bacterial sepsis, but its efficacy in severe febrile neutropenia (FN) is not well confirmed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 40-year-old man complaining of progressive body weight loss was diagnosed to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Within 2 weeks after the initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy, he developed fever, massive cervical lymphadenopathy and a protruding subcutaneous abscess. A lymph node biopsy and abscess drainage revealed non-caseous granuloma and mycobacterium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantum digital signatures (QDSs) apply quantum mechanics to the problem of guaranteeing message integrity and non-repudiation with information-theoretical security, which are complementary to the confidentiality realized by quantum key distribution (QKD). Previous experimental demonstrations have been limited to transmission distances of less than 5 km of optical fiber in a laboratory setting. Here we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of QDSs over installed optical fiber, as well as the longest transmission link reported to date.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys
December 2015
This paper presents a theoretical framework for analyzing the quantum fluctuation properties of a quantum spin chain subject to a quantum phase transition. We can quantify the fluctuation properties by examining the correlation between the fluctuations of two neighboring spins subject to the quantum uncertainty. To do this, we first compute the reduced density matrix ρ of the spin pair from the ground state |Ψ⟩ of a spin chain, and then identify the quantum correlation part ρ(q) embedded in ρ.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe dark-count rate (DCR) is a key parameter of single-photon detectors. By introducing a bulk optical band-pass filter mounted on a fiber-to-fiber optical bench cooled at 3 K and blocking down to 5 μm, we suppressed the DCR of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector by more than three orders of magnitude. The DCR is limited by the blackbody radiation through a signal passband of 20-nm bandwidth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Previous studies indicate that individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) might be at risk for left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. However, little is known about which metabolic factors contribute to the development of LV dysfunction in individuals who are not obese or overweight and who do not have diabetes mellitus and/or cardiovascular disease.
Methods: Participants without diabetes mellitus, systolic dysfunction, or other heart diseases underwent a thorough physical examination, including tissue Doppler echocardiography.
We report the first quantum key distribution (QKD) experiment over a 72 dB channel loss using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SSPD, SNSPD) with the dark count rate (DCR) of 0.01 cps. The DCR of the SSPD, which is dominated by the blackbody radiation at room temperature, is blocked by introducing cold optical bandpass filter.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Purpose] The aim of this study was to understand the factors involved in increasing physical activity levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for improved glycemic control. [Subjects] The subjects were 101 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who had completed an inpatient diabetes education program. [Methods] The survey evaluated physical activity levels on the basis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a questionnaire listing physical and psychosocial factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe demonstrate the generation of quantum-correlated photon pairs from a Si photonic-crystal coupled-resonator optical waveguide. A slow-light supermode realized by the collective resonance of high-Q and small-mode-volume photonic-crystal cavities successfully enhanced the efficiency of the spontaneous four-wave mixing process. The generation rate of photon pairs was improved by two orders of magnitude compared with that of a photonic-crystal line defect waveguide without a slow-light effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe derive the time-dependent photo-detection probability equation of a superconducting single photon detector (SSPD) to study the responsive property for a pulse train at high repetition rate. Using this equation, we analyze the characteristics of SSPDs when illuminated by bright pulses in blinding attack on a quantum key distribution (QKD). We obtain good agreement between expected values based on our equation and actual experimental values.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe propose a countermeasure against the so-called tailored bright illumination attack for differential-phase-shift QKD (DPS-QKD). By monitoring a rate of coincidence detection at a pair of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SSPDs) which is connected at each of the output ports of Bob's Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Alice and Bob can detect and defeat this kind of attack. We also experimentally confirmed the feasibility of this countermeasure using our 1 GHz-clocked DPS-QKD system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegrated photonic circuits are one of the most promising platforms for large-scale photonic quantum information systems due to their small physical size and stable interferometers with near-perfect lateral-mode overlaps. Since many quantum information protocols are based on qubits defined by the polarization of photons, we must develop integrated building blocks to generate, manipulate, and measure the polarization-encoded quantum state on a chip. The generation unit is particularly important.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough disseminated nocardiosis has been increasing with the expansion of immunosuppressive therapy and improvement in diagnostic methods, muscle abscess is a rare complication. There have been only nine case reports of muscle abscess due to Nocardia infection in the English-language published work. We present a case of muscle abscess with disseminated nocardiosis, and review the published work.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe have made it possible to cool a 10-m-long optical fiber to 4.5 K in a compact helium-flow cryostat. The cryostat is vacuum loaded and the cooling principle is based on thermal contact with a copper holder cooled by the liquid-helium flow.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
August 2004
In order to test clinical validity of DSM-IV childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), 10 CDD children (mean age = 8.2 years, SD = 3.8; 7 male and 3 female) and 30 age- and gender-matched children with DSM-IV autistic disorder (AD) with speech loss (SL) (ADSL) were compared on 24 variables not directly related to CDD criteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychiatry Clin Neurosci
April 2003
The purpose of the present paper was to test the validity of developmental quotients (DQ) on the Mental Development Scale for Infants and Young Children (MDSIYC) as an estimate of intelligence quotient (IQ). Correlations were carried out of its DQ with an IQ on the Japanese version of the Stanford-Binet in 94 children with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn; DSM-IV) autistic disorder. With IQ, DQ in the five MDSIYC areas (motor, play, socialization, self-help, and speech) and full-scale DQ (mean of five-area DQ) had significant correlations (Pearson r) of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimal sera were screened for an alternative enzyme source of alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase, and the highest activity was observed in chicken serum. A partially purified enzyme fraction almost devoid of coexisting glycosidases was prepared from the chicken serum, and used for the fucosylation of LacNAc compounds. The enzyme reaction was efficient enough to allow the one-pot preparation of designed Le(x) compounds such as LNFP III.
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