Expression of myosin heavy-chain mRNA in cultured myoblasts induced by centrifugal force.

Ballistic muscle training leads to hypertrophy of fast type fibers and training for endurance induces that of slow type fibers. Numerous studies have been conducted on electrical, extending and magnetic stimulation of cells, but the effect of centrifugal force on cells remains to be investigated. In this study, we investigated the effect of stimulating cultured myoblasts with centrifugal force at different speeds on cell proliferation and myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) mRNA expression in muscle fiber.

A vacuum technique to increase anterior thickness of athletic mouthguards to achieve a full-balanced occlusion.

A full-balanced occlusion is essential for mouthguards. It has been reported that a balanced occlusion for upper and lower anterior teeth is essential for prevention of injuries occurring to the maxillary anterior teeth and alveolar bone caused by horizontal direct impact. The support of the mandibular teeth through the mouthguard is critical to prevent maxillary front tooth injury from a direct impact force.

[Mouthguard effect of tooth distortion during clenching].

Purpose: A mouthguard can protect stomatognathic systems from traumatic damage. However, severe occlusal wear of teeth and loss of teeth have often been found in players clinically. These problems might originate in strong clenching during sports.