Review of Cognitive Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Performance on Six Subtests on Four Versions of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.

This study was a systematic review of research using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to examine cognitive characteristics of children with ASD beyond the impact of revisions based on WISC and diagnostic criteria changes. The classic "islets of ability" was found in individuals with full-scale IQs < 100. The "right-descending profiles" were observed among high IQ score individuals.

Chemical state of boron in coal fly ash investigated by focused-ion-beam time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (FIB-TOF-SIMS) and satellite-transition magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (STMAS NMR).

The chemical states of boron in coal fly ash, which may control its leaching into the environment, were investigated by focused-ion-beam time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (FIB-TOF-SIMS) and satellite-transition magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (STMAS NMR) spectroscopy. The distribution of boron on the surface and in the interior of micron-sized fly ash particles was directly observed by FIB-TOF-SIMS. Coordination numbers of boron and its bonding with different atoms from particles of bulk samples were investigated by STMAS NMR.

Anti-ice nucleation activity in xylem extracts from trees that contain deep supercooling xylem parenchyma cells.

Boreal hardwood species, including Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla Sukat. var. japonica Hara), Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb.

Role of intracellular contents to facilitate supercooling capability in beech (Fagus crenata) xylem parenchyma cells.

In order to find the possible role of intracellular contents in facilitating the supercooling capability of xylem parenchyma cells, changes in the temperature of supercooling levels were compared before and after the release of intracellular substances from beech xylem parenchyma cells by DTA. Various methods were employed to release intracellular substances from xylem parenchyma cells and all resulted in a reduction of supercooling ability. It was concluded that the reduction of supercooling ability primarily resulted from changes of intracellular conditions, including the release of intracellular contents or their mixing with extracellular solutions, rather than due to changes of cell wall structures.

Accumulation of theanderose in association with development of freezing tolerance in the moss Physcomitrella patens.

Mosses are known to have the ability to develop high degrees of resistance to desiccation and freezing stress at cellular levels. However, underlying cellular mechanisms leading to the development of stress resistance in mosses are not understood. We previously showed that freezing tolerance in protonema cells of the moss Physcomitrella patens was rapidly increased by exogenous application of the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) [Minami, A.

Acute heat stress induces jumping escape behavior in mice.

A new heat escape behavior was revealed in mice (ddY mice) under acute heat stress conditions. Mice in a fully covered cage were exposed to 24, 34, 37 and 38.5 degrees C for 60 min.

Smoking habits in Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

Studies from North America and Western Europe have observed a marked increase of smoking in schizophrenia. This preliminary study investigated smoking habits in Japanese patients with schizophrenia (n=137). The prevalence of smokers (34%) was not higher than in the general Japanese population (37%).