Ester dance reaction on the aromatic ring.

Aromatic rearrangement reactions are useful tools in the organic chemist's toolbox when generating uncommon substitution patterns. However, it is difficult to precisely translocate a functional group in (hetero) arene systems, with the exception of halogen atoms in a halogen dance reaction. Here, we describe an unprecedented "ester dance" reaction: a predictable translocation of an ester group from one carbon atom to another on an aromatic ring.

σ-Bond Hydroboration of Cyclopropanes.

Hydroboration of alkenes is a classical reaction in organic synthesis in which alkenes react with boranes to give alkylboranes with subsequent oxidation resulting in alcohols. The double bond (π-bond) of alkenes can be readily reacted with boranes owing to its high reactivity. However, the single bond (σ-bond) of alkanes has never been reacted.

Pd-Catalyzed Decarbonylative C-H Coupling of Azoles and Aromatic Esters.

A decarbonylative C-H coupling of azoles and aromatic esters by palladium catalysis is described. Our previously reported Ni-catalyzed C-H coupling of azoles and aromatic esters has a significant drawback regarding the substrate scope. Herein, we employ palladium catalysis instead of nickel, resulting in a broader substrate scope in terms of azoles and aromatic esters.

Measurement of neutron ambient dose equivalent in passive carbon-ion and proton radiotherapies.

Secondary neutron ambient dose equivalents per the treatment absorbed dose in passive carbon-ion and proton radiotherapies were measured using a rem meter, WENDI-II at two carbon-ion radiotherapy facilities and four proton radiotherapy facilities in Japan. Our measured results showed that (1) neutron ambient dose equivalent in carbon-ion radiotherapy is lower than that in proton radiotherapy, and (2) the difference to the measured neutron ambient dose equivalents among the facilities is within a factor of 3 depending on the operational beam setting used at the facility and the arrangement of the beam line, regardless of the method for making a laterally uniform irradiation field: the double scattering method or the single-ring wobbling method. The reoptimization of the beam line in passive particle radiotherapy is an effective way to reduce the risk of secondary cancer because installing an adjustable precollimator and designing the beam line devices with consideration of their material, thickness and location, etc.