[A Case of Isolated ACTH Deficiency Induced by Nivolumab in a Patient with Gastric Cancer Metastasis of the Peritoneum].

Nivolumab induces several immune-related adverse events. Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)deficiency has low frequency. A 73-year-old woman with gastric cancer metastasis of the peritoneum was treated with nivolumab as the third-line chemotherapy.

HIV-1 Nef impairs multiple T-cell functions in antigen-specific immune response in mice.

The viral protein Nef is a key element for the progression of HIV disease. Previous in vitro studies suggested that Nef expression in T-cell lines enhanced TCR signaling pathways upon stimulation with TCR cross-linking, leading to the proposal that Nef lowers the threshold of T-cell activation, thus increasing susceptibility to viral replication in immune response. Likewise, the in vivo effects of Nef transgenic mouse models supported T-cell hyperresponse by Nef.

High and inducible expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef by adenovirus vector does not disturb potent antigen presentation by monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

Numerous studies indicated that Nef is a pleiotropic factor. Although it has been shown that Nef impairs the antigen-presenting activity of dendritic cells, more recent studies have shown no such impairment. This issue is critical for designing a vaccine expressing Nef.

HIV-1 Nef protein in the nucleus influences adipogenesis as well as viral transcription through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.

Background: Although the HIV-1 Nef protein (27 kDa) localizes primarily in cytoplasm, there is considerable evidence suggesting its occasional localization in the nucleus. Nef is known to play an important role in transcriptional events and viral replication, but the actual target of Nef in the nucleus remains to be identified.

Objective: To examine the functional roles of Nef in the nucleus and its possible interactions with other unknown factors in the nucleus.

A potential live vector, foamy virus, directed intra-cellular expression of ovine interferon-tau exhibited the resistance to HIV infection.

Interferon-tau (IFN-tau), produced by the embryonic trophectoderm, is a member of type I IFNs required for the establishment of pregnancy in the ruminant ungulates. Although this IFN possesses antiviral activity similar to other type I IFNs, the effectiveness of IFN-tau as an antiviral agent has not been well characterized. To investigate possible antiviral effects of ovine IFN-tau (oIFN-tau), oIFN-tau-GST fusion protein was expressed in E.

Double-stranded nef RNA interferes with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication.

RNA interference (RNAi) has been reported to be post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) by approximately 500 nucleotide-(nt)-long double-stranded (ds) RNA that specifically targets homologous sequences of messenger RNA. In this report, we describe inhibition of HIV-1 transcription by synthetic dsRNAs constructed with mutated nef genes (nef dsRNAs) derived from long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) using cotransfection of the target gene-expressing plasmid and dsRNA. The effects of nef dsRNAs were examined with luciferase (Luc) reporter which is combined with the HIV-1 (SF2) LTR in persistently HIV-1-infected T cell and macrophage cell lines.

Isolation and sequencing of infectious clones of feline foamy virus and a human/feline foamy virus Env chimera.

Full-length DNAs of the Coleman and S7801 strains (pSKY3.0, pSKY5.0) of infectious feline foamy viruses (FFVs) were cloned and sequenced.