Publications by authors named "Kaori Kitaoka"

Background And Aims: Knowledge about the association between oral microbiome diversity within individuals and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-CVD mortality is scarce. Besides, variation by sex and racial and ethnic groups, and the potential mediators of these associations remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations of oral microbiome alpha diversity with all-cause, CVD, and non-CVD mortality, and the interaction effects of sex and racial and ethnic groups and potential mediators in the associations.

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The association of anemia with hyperadiponectinemia (HAN) (≥ 20 μg/mL) was studied in 95 Japanese women aged 65-74 (young-old), 175 women aged 75-84 (old-old), and 51 women aged over 85 (oldest-old) who resided at home alone without wheelchair use. The prevalence of anemia was 21.5% overall and increased with aging stepwise (9.

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Aim: We tested whether skeletal muscle mass is associated with insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell function, and postglucose glycemia.

Methods: Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) (relative to body size, %ASM) by DXA, surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and the disposition index (insulin sensitivity adjusted insulin secretion: a product of the insulinogenic index and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index) inferred from serum insulin kinetics during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were evaluated in 168 young and 65 middle-aged women, whose BMI averaged <23.0 kg/m and HbA1c ≦ 5.

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The present study investigated the associations of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a marker of fatty liver and oxidative stress, and ALT/AST, a marker of fatty liver, with percentage trunk fat and postload glucose, insulin resistance, and β-cell function in middle-aged Japanese individuals, whose BMI averaged < 23.0 kg/m. Pancreatic β-cell function was assessed using the disposition index calculated by a product of the insulinogenic index (IGI) and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index, a biomarker of early-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and whole-body insulin sensitivity, respectively.

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The relationship of adipose tissue insulin resistance (AT-IR, a product of fasting insulin and free fatty acids) and homeostasis-model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) to β-cell function was studied cross-sectionally in the setting of subtle glucose dysregulation. Associations of AT-IR and HOMA-IR with fasting and post-glucose glycemia and β-cell function inferred from serum insulin kinetics during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test were studied in 168 young female Japanese students. β-cell function was evaluated by disposition index calculated as a product of the insulinogenic index (IGI) and Matsuda index.

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We assessed the association of employee lifestyles (e.g., smoking, exercise, drinking, and sleep habits) with mental health-related absenteeism and turnover rates utilizing data from the annual Health and Productivity Management survey by Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

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Associations of adipose tissue insulin resistance index (AT-IR, a product of fasting insulin and free fatty acids) with body fat mass and distribution and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) were compared with results of homeostasis-model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 284 Japanese female university students and 148 their biological mothers whose BMI averaged < 23 kg/m. Although mothers compared with daughters had higher BMI, body fat percentage, trunk fat to body fat (TF/BF) ratio and lower leg fat to body fat (LF/BF), AT-IR and HOMA-IR did not differ. We had multivariable linear regression analyses which included TF/BF ratio, LF/BF ratio, weight-adjusted ASM (%ASM), height-adjusted ASM index (ASMI), fat mass index (FMI), and body fat percentage.

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Aim: Associations of the adipose tissue insulin resistance index (AT-IR, a product of fasting insulin and free fatty acid) with body fat distribution and the ratio of alanine to aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), a marker of hepatosteatosis, were examined in the context of the metabolic syndrome.

Methods: Legs, the trunk and body fat by DXA, blood pressure (BP) and blood chemistry were measured in 284 young Japanese female university students and 148 middle-aged biological mothers whose BMI averaged <23 kg/m.

Results: Young women had higher leg fat/body fat and lower trunk fat/body fat ratio (both p < 0.

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  • A study compared kidney outcomes in patients aged 75 and older with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) using SGLT2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering medications.
  • The research used data from the Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database, focusing on changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and severe kidney progression.
  • Results indicated that those using SGLT2 inhibitors experienced a slower decline in eGFR and better overall kidney health compared to those on other medications, showing benefits for older DKD patients.
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  • A study analyzed data from a national CKD registry with 4,455 patients to explore the link between guideline compliance and renal outcomes in real-world settings.
  • The results showed that higher compliance with CKD guidelines, particularly among those meeting all eight metrics, significantly reduced the risk of severe renal events compared to those with lower compliance.
  • Key factors affecting renal outcomes included high serum potassium and uric acid levels, low sodium-chloride and calcium levels, and the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, while higher hemoglobin levels were linked to fewer adverse events.
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  • The Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis, conducted in Japan from 2006 to 2008, involved 740 men who were analyzed for lipid profiles and assessed for intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) through MRI from 2012 to 2015.
  • Of the participants, 205 (28.8%) had ICAS, and 144 (20.3%) showed discordance between LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) and LDL particle number (LDL-p) levels.
  • The study found that individuals with low LDL-c but high LDL-p had the highest risk of ICAS, indicating that assessing both LDL-c and LDL-p may better identify those at risk for arterial issues.
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Objectives Food environment improvement involving salt reduction requires improving access to and labeling low-sodium foods. Assessing the implementation status of these measures is also necessary. However, to date, no established methods exist for assessing the availability of low-sodium foods in communities.

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Normal-weight but high-percentage trunk fat phenotype was characterized in a setting where adiposity is not associated with educational and socioeconomic status. Body size trajectory since birth, current body composition measured using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, cardiometabolic traits, serum adipokines, and dietary intake were measured cross-sectionally in 251 normal weight Japanese female university students whose fasting triglyceride and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) averaged 56 mg/dL and 1.2, respectively.

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Unlabelled: We examined whether alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), a marker of hepatosteatosis, may be associated with a wider constellation of variables related to metabolic syndrome in Japanese women. Body fat and distribution, and metabolic syndrome-related variables were measured in 311 young and 148 middle-aged women. We had Pearson's correlation analysis and then stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses.

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Objective: Comprehensive investigations of correlations between subnational socioeconomic factors and trends in mortality and lifestyle are important for addressing public health problems.

Methods: Forty-seven prefectures in Japan were divided into quartiles based on the proportion of public assistance recipients (PPAR). Age-standardized mortality from all causes, cancer, heart disease, and stroke in each prefecture were averaged for these quartiles in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015.

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We assessed whether alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), a marker of hepatic steatosis, may be associated with adipose tissue dysfunction more closely than hepatic and muscle insulin resistance (IR). Associations with adipose tissue IR index (AT-IR) calculated as a product of fasting insulin and free fatty acids, leptin/adiponectin ratio, a proxy of adipocyte dysfunction, homeostasis model assessment IR (HOMA-IR), hepatic and muscle IR inferred from plasma insulin kinetics during a 75 grams oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were studied in nondiabetic 307 young and 148 middle-aged Japanese women, whose body mass index averaged 20 and 22 kilograms/m, respectively. On multivariate linear regression analysis in young women, ALT/AST was associated with trunk/leg fat ratio (standardized  = 0.

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  • The study aimed to analyze patterns of haematuria and proteinuria in IgA nephropathy patients to identify links to kidney health outcomes.
  • Researchers used data from 889 patients, uncovering four distinct progression paths for urine measurements over a median follow-up of about 49 months.
  • Findings showed that patients with high-stable and moderate-stable haematuria had significantly increased risk (about 2 times) of experiencing serious kidney events compared to those with low-stable haematuria.
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  • * Data from various surveys over multiple years was analyzed, revealing that both mortality rates and lifestyle factors varied significantly between income quartiles, with lower income groups experiencing higher mortality.
  • * Key findings showed that while overall mortality decreased, men in lower income quartiles had notably higher mortality rates from all causes, cancer, and stroke, and lifestyle issues like higher BMI and smoking rates were more prevalent in these lower quartiles.
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Normal weight insulin resistant phenotype was characterized in 251 Japanese female university students using homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. Birth weight, body composition at age 20, cardiometabolic traits and dietary intake were compared cross-sectionally between insulin sensitive (< 1.6, n = 194) and insulin resistant (2.

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We tested whether alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), a marker of hepatosteatosis, associates with insulin resistance, β-cell function and postglucose glycemia. We studied 311 young and 148 middle-aged Japanese women, whose BMI averaged < 23.0 kg/m.

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