The Long-Term Natural History of Fibrous Dysplasia.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD), a developmental, nonfamilial, benign anomaly of bone development, is characterized by the replacement of normal bone by proliferating fibro-osseous tissue. Marked craniofacial deformities, functional disturbances, and emotional stress are major indications for treatment, and various surgical procedures have been performed; however, excision and regrowth issues have also been reported. While several treatment options are available, no studies have reported the natural history of untreated FD.

Allyl isothiocyanate and 6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate contents vary among wild and cultivated wasabi ().

Wasabi (Japanese horseradish, ) is the only cultivated species in the genus with functional components that provide a strong pungent flavor. To evaluate genetic resources for wasabi breeding, we surveyed variations in the two most abundant isothiocyanate (ITC) components in wasabi, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and 6-methylsulfinyl (hexyl) isothiocyanate (6-MSITC, hexaraphane). We also examined the phylogenetic relationships among 36 accessions of wild and cultivated wasabi in Japan using chloroplast DNA analysis.

Standardized Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma Subtypes and Improvement of Grading Assessment Through Deep Learning.

The histopathologic distinction of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) subtypes is subject to high interobserver variability, which can compromise the optimal assessment of patient prognosis. Therefore, this study developed convolutional neural networks capable of distinguishing LADC subtypes and predicting disease-specific survival, according to the recently established LADC tumor grades. Consensus LADC histopathologic images were obtained from 17 expert pulmonary pathologists and one pathologist in training.

Overcoming the Interobserver Variability in Lung Adenocarcinoma Subtyping: A Clustering Approach to Establish a Ground Truth for Downstream Applications.

Context.—: The accurate identification of different lung adenocarcinoma histologic subtypes is important for determining prognosis but can be challenging because of overlaps in the diagnostic features, leading to considerable interobserver variability.

Objective.

Primary Pancreatic Mantle Cell Lymphoma Diagnosed via Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration.

Primary pancreatic lymphomas (PPLs) are rare, and the histological classification of these tumors is difficult. To accurately diagnose and determine the appropriate treatment for PPLs, sufficient sample amounts are necessary. Here, we report a 73-year-old man with a primary pancreatic mantle cell lymphoma.

Anomalous systemic arterial supply to the basal segment of the lung with giant aberrant artery: a case report.

Background: Anomalous systemic arterial supply to the basal segment of the lung (ABLL) is a relatively rare congenital anomaly characterized by aberrant systemic arterial blood flow to the basal segment of the lung. We experienced a rare presentation of ABLL, in which a giant aberrant artery with the same dimensions as that of the descending aorta flowed from the celiac artery to left lower lobe.

Case Presentation: An otherwise healthy 42-year-old man was referred to our department due to an abnormal chest X-ray.

Presence of heat shock protein 47-positive fibroblasts in cancer stroma is associated with increased risk of postoperative recurrence in patients with lung cancer.

Background: Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a collagen-binding protein, has a specific role in the intracellular processing of procollagen production. HSP47 expression is associated with cancer growth and metastasis in several types of cancers. However, none of the studies have assessed whether HSP47 expression is associated with the risk of postoperative recurrence of lung cancer until now.

Prognostic impact of mucin spread, tumor cell spread, and invasive size in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Objectives: The pathological T descriptor of lung invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is currently defined according to mucin spread, whereas that of lung non-mucinous adenocarcinoma is defined according to invasive lesion. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the prognostic impact of mucin spread, tumor cell spread, and invasive lesion in patients with lung IMA.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-seven patients with completely resected pT1-4N0M0 IMA were evaluated.

Update on Rare Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias and Rare Histologic Patterns.

Context: - In 2013, the revised American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) described 2 rare IIPs and 2 rare histologic patterns. Because of the rarity of the disease, there is limited evidence related to the histology. Because the rare histologic patterns are provisional criteria, no unanimous consensus on histologic diagnostic criteria has yet been reached.

Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis Associated with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Emerging Despite Cyclophosphamide, Successfully Treated with Rituximab.

A 67-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis based on the presence of right maxillary sinusitis, proteinase 3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity, and right scleritis. A conjunctival biopsy specimen showed neutrophil-predominant infiltration around the vessels without granuloma. Because there was a risk of blindness, pulsed methylprednisolone and intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy (IVCY) were started.

Predictive Performance of Four Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Assay Systems on Nivolumab Response in Previously Treated Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Nivolumab has demonstrated efficacy against metastatic NSCLC. Four programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay systems are available for identification of responders among patients with NSCLC, and these assays show some differing characteristics. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the ability of these assays to identify responders to nivolumab therapy.

Early Immune-Related Adverse Events and Association with Outcome in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Nivolumab: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Retrospective studies have shown immune-related adverse events (irAEs) to be associated with better prognosis. However, no prospective clinical trials have been conducted, and little is known regarding the association between irAEs and the outcome of patients with NSCLC after treatment with immunotherapy.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with nivolumab between January and December 2016.

Evaluation of the effect of glucosamine administration on biomarkers for cartilage and bone metabolism in soccer players.

In the present study, to investigate the effect of glucosamine, a component of glycosaminoglycans with a chondroprotective action, on articular cartilage in athletes, we looked at soccer players, who expose their joints to excessive motion and loading, and compared the levels of biomarkers for type II collagen degradation (CTX-II) and type II collagen synthesis (CPII) between soccer players and non-athlete controls, and in soccer players before and after glucosamine-administration. CTX-II (P<0.01) and CPII (P=0.

Antidepressant effect of extracts from Ginkgo biloba leaves in behavioral models.

Extracts of Ginkgo biloba (EGB) are a complex product prepared from green leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. In the present study, the antidepressant effect of EGB was examined using two behavioral models, the forced swimming test (FST) in rats and tail suspension test (TST) in mice. EGB significantly reduced immobility time in the FST at a dosage of 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight after repeated oral treatment for 14 d, although no change of motor dysfunction was observed with the same dosage in the open field test.

Effects of forced swimming stress on rat brain function.

Chronic stress has been reported to be an essential factor for depression. In this study, the effect of forced swimming stress on neurotransmitters and cellular signaling pathway contributing to brain functions was investigated using the forced swimming test (FST) in order to understanding of mechanisms to regulate stress signals in brain. Antidepressant drug, imipramine, significantly reduced the immobility time of male rats in the FST by 85% at a dose of 15 mg/kg for 2 weeks.

Approach to novel functional foods for stress control 3. Establishment of stress-resistant rat model and its mechanism.

A stress-resistant rat model was introduced. SPORTS (Spontaneously-Running-Tokushima-Shikoku) rats showed significantly shorter time of immobility in the forced swim test compared to control Wister rats. Increase norepinephrine concentration secondary to decreased activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) in hippocampus was observed in this model rats.

Approach to novel functional foods for stress control 2. Microarray assessment of exercise in healthy volunteers.

DNA microarray was used to measure stress response by exercise in peripheral blood leukocytes. Aerobic exercise did not alter mRNA pattern or urinary secretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Strenuous exercise increased urinary secretion of 8-OHdG and altered mRNA pattern in microarray.

A quantitative RT-PCR assay of surfactant-associated protein A1 and A2 mRNA transcripts as a diagnostic tool for acute asphyxial death.

Although an immunohistochemical investigation of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A) suggested a characteristic increase in fatal asphyxiation, no particular change was observed in the total amount of SP-A mRNA. SP-A is encoded by two highly similar genes, SP-A1 and SP-A2, which are differentially regulated in the expression. In the present study, to investigate the molecular pathology of SP-A, we established a method for quantitative RT-PCR assay of SP-A1 and SP-A2 mRNA transcripts.

Pulmonary immunohistochemistry and serum levels of a surfactant-associated protein A in fatal drowning.

To evaluate the immunohistochemical distribution and serum levels of a pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A) in fatal drowning with regard to the pulmonary alveolar injury, 53 autopsy cases were investigated. SP-A was membranously or linearly demonstrated in varying intensities on the intra-alveolar interior surface and on the interface of the intra-alveolar effusion. A high score of intra-alveolar aggregates of SP-A was significantly more frequently observed in freshwater than saltwater drowning.

Inca bone in forensic autopsy: a report of two cases with a review of the literature.

Complete tripartite and complete asymmetric bipartite bones were, respectively, found in the interparietal region of the occipital bone in two forensic autopsy cases that we encountered. These isolated bones are called the Inca bones, or interparietal bones, which occasionally occur as a result of incomplete fusion of the ossifying nuclei during the developmental course. The Inca bones were detectable on ante-mortem cranial radiographs in these two cases.

Hemorrhages in the root of the tongue in fire fatalities: the incidence and diagnostic value.

Hemorrhages in the root of the tongue have been considered to be a finding associated with asphyxiation. The aim of the present study was to examine the incidence and diagnostic value of the lingual hemorrhages in fire fatalities with reference to the related pathological and toxicological findings, in comparison with asphyxiation and drowning cases. In fire fatalities (n=90), small to marked hemorrhages were observed in 26 cases (28.

Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A as a marker of respiratory distress in forensic pathology: assessment of the immunohistochemical and biochemical findings.

The aim of the present study was to review the immunohistochemical and biochemical findings with reference to the causes of death in routine casework (total, n=492). In the immunohistochemistry (n=283), an increase in intra-alveolar granular SP-A (SP-A score) was often observed in asphyxiation (n=21/34, 61.8%) and freshwater drowning (n=15/24, 62.

Possible postmortem serum markers for differentiation between fresh-, saltwater drowning and acute cardiac death: a preliminary investigation.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in postmortem blood biochemistry between fresh-, saltwater drowning and acute myocardial infarction/ischemia (AMI) (n=11, n=15 and n=23, respectively; postmortem interval <48 h). Left and right cardiac blood samples were examined for the serum markers: sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), magnesium (Mg), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A) and cardiac troponin T (cTn-T). The most efficient markers were the left-right cardiac BUN ratio for determination of drowning (hemodilution) and the left heart blood Mg level for differentiation between fresh- and saltwater aspiration.