Neurotherapeutic Effects of Pueraria mirifica Extract in Early- and Late-Stage Cognitive Impaired Rats.

We determined the neurotherapeutic effects of Pueraria mirifica extract (PME) and pure puerarin (PU) in comparison with 17β-estradiol (E2 ) in early- and late-stage cognitive impaired rats. Rats were ovariectomized (OVX), kept for 2 and 4 months to induce early- and late-stage cognitive impairment, respectively, and divided into four groups that were treated daily with (i) distilled water, (ii) 100 mg/kg of PME, (iii) 7 mg/kg of PU, and (iv) 80 µg/kg of E2 for 4 months. The estrogen deficiency symptoms of OVX rats were abrogated by treatment with E2 or PME, but not by treatment with PU.

Simple, sensitive and reliable in vivo assays to evaluate the estrogenic activity of endocrine disruptors.

Purpose: We compared three in vivo assays, determining changes of body weight, and uterotropic and vaginal cytology assays, for the evaluation of estrogenic activity of an estrogen disrupting compound, (PM), in comparison with 17β-estradiol (E).

Methods: Female rats were ovariectomized and gavaged with distilled water, 0.01, 0.

Molecular events during the induction of neurodegeneration and memory loss in estrogen-deficient rats.

This study aims to delineate the relationship among estrogen deficiency, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment of ovariectomized rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and euthanized after 1-4 month periods (M(0)-M(4) groups). Blood samples were collected for the determination of serum levels of 17β-estradiol (E(2)), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).

The nucleotide sequences of the parathyroid gene in primates (suborder Anthropoidea).

Nucleotide sequences of the parathyroid (PTH) gene of 12 species of primates belonging to suborder Anthropoidea were examined. The PTH gene contains one intron that separates two exons that code the sequence of prepro and PTH, respectively. The intron of the PTH gene in Cebus apella, Callithrix jacchus, and Saguinus oedipus was 102 bp long, whereas a 103-bp intron was observed in the remaining species.