Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients With Duane Retraction Syndrome.

Background: Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is known to relate to the absence of the abducens nucleus, with abnormal innervation of the lateral rectus (LR) muscle by branchesof the oculomotor nerve (CN III). The purposes of this study were to investigate the morphological characteristics of the oculomotor nerve (CN III), the abducens nerve (CN VI), and the extraocular muscles in patients with clinically diagnosed Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) using MRI. In addition, we assessed the association between ocular motility, horizontal rectus muscle volumes, and CN III/VI in patients with Duane retraction syndrome (DRS).

Predicting Risk Factors for Consecutive Esotropia Failed with Conservative Therapy.

: To investigate risk factors predisposing to the failure of nonsurgical treatment of consecutive esotropia.: A retrospective review was carried out for all cases diagnosed as having developed consecutive esotropia who following surgical correction of intermittent exotropia between 2013 and 2018 and have failed to conservative treatment. Performing 1:2 case-control match, control subjects were randomly selected from patients who underwent surgeries for intermittent exotropia during the same period but did not develop consecutive esotropia.

Model of a Support Vector Machine to Assess the Functional Cure for Surgery of Intermittent Exotropia.

In this paper the optimum timing for the postoperative functional cure of basic intermittent exotropia is explored based on support vector machine (SVM). One hundred and thirty-two patients were recruited in this prospective cross-sectional study with 6 months of follow-up. Examinations included angle of deviation, central and peripheral fusion, controllability, and near and distance stereopsis.

Comparison of surgical outcomes between bilateral recession and unilateral recession-resection in moderate-angle intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To compare postoperative drift after bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) and after unilateral recession combined with medial rectus resection (R&R) in children with primary moderate-angle intermittent exotropia.

Methods: The medical records of children with intermittent exotropia in the range of 25-50 who underwent BLR or R&R from July 2015 to September 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Outcomes were classified according to postoperative angle of deviation at distance as overcorrection (esophoria or -tropia of >5), success (esophoria or -tropia of ≤5 to exophoria/tropia of ≤10), or recurrence (exophoria or -tropia of >10).

A Meta-Analysis of Choroidal Thickness Changes in Unilateral Amblyopia.

Purpose: To date, the topic of amblyopic changes remains controversial. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to evaluate choroidal changes in unilateral amblyopia.

Methods: Major literature databases were searched for amblyopia-relevant studies.

Resolution of hypertropia with correction of consecutive horizontal deviation.

Background: To study the resolution of hypertropia in patients who undergo horizontal deviation surgery for consecutive esotropia or consecutive exotropia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 23 patients with consecutive esotropia or exotropia who had concomitant vertical tropia. All patients had had surgery for horizontal deviation that required further surgery to correct consecutive horizontal strabismus and had a minimum of six months of postoperative follow-up.

Comparison of augmented and nonaugmented modified Knapp procedure for the treatment of nonrestrictive double elevator palsies.

Purpose: To compare surgical results of augmented and nonaugmented modified Knapp procedure, for the treatment of nonrestrictive double elevator palsies (DEP).

Methods: The medical records of patients with congenital DEP were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into three treatment groups: standard transposition (group A), Foster transposition (group B), and resection transposition (group C).

[Apply of RetCam Ⅱ and color Doppler imaging in persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous].

Objective: To observe the manifestations of RetCam Ⅱ and color Doppler imaging (CDI) in a retrospective case series of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV).

Methods: Retrospective study. The medical records of 9 eyes/9 patients with PHPV went through RetCamⅡ and CDI from 2009 to 2014.

Effects of Bilateral Superior Oblique "Hang-Back" Recession in Treatment of A-pattern Strabismus with Superior Oblique Overaction.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of bilateral hang-back recession of superior oblique (SO) muscles in the treatment of A-pattern strabismus with superior oblique overaction (SOOA).

Methods: Thirty-one (31) patients (62 eyes) with A-pattern horizontal deviation and SOOA underwent hang-back recession of SO and retrospective analysis of the surgical amount of hang-back recession of SO, preoperative and postoperative A-pattern, ocular motility, and corrected objective torsion. Patients were evaluated before and 6 to 9 months after surgery.

SPP2 Mutations Cause Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) shows progressive loss of photoreceptors involved with heterogeneous genetic background. Here, by exome sequencing and linkage analysis on a Chinese family with autosomal dominant RP, we identified a putative pathogenic variant, p.Gly97Arg, in the gene SPP2, of which expression was detected in multiple tissues including retina.

[The developmental switch of visual cortex NMDA receptor NR2 subunits and its implications for visual plasticity].

Many forms of synaptic plasticity require NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR). These tetrameric receptors consist of two obligatory NR1 subunits and two regulatory subunits, usually a combination of NR2A and NR2B. In the neonatal visual cortex NR2B-containing NMDAR predominate, after thatvisual experience facilitates a developmental switch in which NR2A levels increase relative to NR2B.

[Hot topics in treatment of intermittent exotropia].

Intermittent exotropia is the most common type of exotropia, and also is one of the most difficult types of strabismus to deal with. Surgery is the main choice of treatment and non-surgical treatment is used only under certain indications. Long-term outcomes of the surgery for intermittent exotropia are related to many factors, such as age, course of the disease, perceptual state of visual cortex, timing of surgery, types of intermittent exotropia, the surgical methods, preoperative measurements of exodeviations, target angle of surgery, postoperative treatment of overcorrection or undercorrection, and so on.

[See the strabismus and amblyopia research development trend from the twelfth World Congress of strabismus].

The International strabismus association conference has a history of fifty years until now. It's the most influential academic communication forum for the worldwide doctors and related scientists or technical carers in strabismus and amblyopia area. The conference gathered the top-level experts.

Knocking Down Snrnp200 Initiates Demorphogenesis of Rod Photoreceptors in Zebrafish.

Purpose. The small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 200 kDa (SNRNP200) gene is a fundamental component for precursor message RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing and has been implicated in the etiology of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). This study aims to determine the consequences of knocking down Snrnp200 in zebrafish.

Targeted next-generation sequencing reveals novel EYS mutations in Chinese families with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa.

EYS mutations demonstrate great genotypic and phenotypic varieties, and are one of the major causes for patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (ARRP). Here, we aim to determine the genetic lesions with phenotypic correlations in two Chinese families with ARRP. Medical histories and ophthalmic documentations were obtained from all participants from the two pedigrees.

C2 rs547154 polymorphism and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy susceptibility: a meta-analysis.

Previous studies have indicated the association between C2 rs547154 polymorphism and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) risk, while the results are controversial and inconsistent. Herein, we perform a meta-analysis to gain a precise estimation of the association using 5 eligible studies involving 4076 subjects, of which 1220 were PCV cases, 1073 were age-related macular degeneration (AMD) cases and 1783 were controls. Allelic frequencies of C2 rs547154 polymorphism between PCV and AMD were also compared.

Molecular genetic testing in clinical diagnostic assessments that demonstrate correlations in patients with autosomal recessive inherited retinal dystrophy.

Importance: Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a group of retinal degenerative diseases presenting genetic and clinical heterogeneities, which have challenged the genetic and clinical diagnoses of IRDs. Genetic evaluations of patients with IRD might result in better clinical assessments and better management of patients.

Objective: To determine the genetic lesions with phenotypic correlations in patients with diverse autosomal recessive IRD using next-generation sequencing.

[The spatiotemporal frequency tuning of pattern visual evoked potentials in rats].

Objective: To observe the spatiotemporal frequency tuning of pattern visual evoked potentials in Wistar rats.

Methods: Experimental study. 15 Wistar rats of 8 weeks old were used in this study.

[Clinical investigation on AC/A ratio in intermittent exotropia coexisting with ametropia].

Objective: To investigate AC/A ratio and coexisting ametropia in intermittent exotropia. To discuss the relation between AC/A ratio and the development of intermittent exotropia.

Methods: The medical records of 135 patients who had an exotropia were retrospectively reviewed.

[Learn new version of Preferred Practice Pattern to further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia].

The introduction of Preferred Practice Patterns (PPP) into China has given ophthalmologists in China more opportunities to acquaint themselves with international clinical guidelines for eye care, including its developing principles, methods and the application value. It had brought significant effects on the fast improvement of clinical eye care and standardization of diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases in China, and promoted the international academic exchanges. The 2nd Chinese version of PPPs translated by Prof.

Targeted next-generation sequencing reveals novel USH2A mutations associated with diverse disease phenotypes: implications for clinical and molecular diagnosis.

USH2A mutations have been implicated in the disease etiology of several inherited diseases, including Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2), nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and nonsyndromic deafness. The complex genetic and phenotypic spectrums relevant to USH2A defects make it difficult to manage patients with such mutations. In the present study, we aim to determine the genetic etiology and to characterize the correlated clinical phenotypes for three Chinese pedigrees with nonsyndromic RP, one with RP sine pigmento (RPSP), and one with USH2.

[Advance studies of Slit-Robo signal pathway and its roles in ocular neovascularisation].

The migration and patterning of axons and blood vessels share similar guidance mechanisms. Slits and their Roundabout (Robo) receptors were initially characterized as repulsive guidance cues for neuronal axons and mediate the migration of neuronal precursor cells during neural development. In recent years, the research of Slit/Robo signal pathway on neovascularization has become one of hot topics.

Mutation analysis of pre-mRNA splicing genes in Chinese families with retinitis pigmentosa.

Purpose: Seven genes involved in precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) splicing have been implicated in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). We sought to detect mutations in all seven genes in Chinese families with RP, to characterize the relevant phenotypes, and to evaluate the prevalence of mutations in splicing genes in patients with adRP.

Methods: Six unrelated families from our adRP cohort (42 families) and two additional families with RP with uncertain inheritance mode were clinically characterized in the present study.

Superior oblique tucking for treatment of superior oblique palsy.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of isolated superior oblique tucking in the treatment of congenital superior oblique palsy.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with unilateral congenital superior oblique palsy and lax superior oblique tendon underwent isolated superior oblique tucking and retrospective analysis of the amount of tucking procedure, preoperative and postoperative vertical deviation in the primary position and reading position, abnormal head posture, ocular motility, and corrected objective torsion. Patients were evaluated before and 6 to 12 months after surgery.