3D nanogap interdigitated electrode array biosensors.

Three-dimensional interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) have been investigated as sensing elements for biosensors. Electric field and current density were simulated in the vicinity of these electrodes as a function of the electrode width, gap, and height to determine the optimum geometry. Both the height and the gap between the electrodes were found to have significant effect on the magnitude and distribution of the electric field and current density near the electrode surface, while the width of the electrodes was found to have a smaller effect on field strength and current density.

Structural and immunogenic effects of multiple hapten loading on carrier protein.

Haptens are low-molecular-weight compounds that are usually nonimmunogenic in nature. These compounds are, in general, conjugated with carrier proteins to elicit an immune response for antibody production. In this work, we report the effect of multiple hapten loading on carrier protein after conjugation by monitoring the structural and immunogenic properties of the protein.

Single-metal deposition (SMD) as a latent fingermark enhancement technique: an alternative to multimetal deposition (MMD).

This paper proposes an alternative solution to multimetal deposition (MMD) for the development of latent fingermarks on non-porous and porous surfaces. MMD offers a good sensitivity, however it is very time-consuming and requires many reagents to be carried out. Single-metal deposition (SMD) replaces the silver enhancement of the gold colloids by a gold enhancement procedure.

Atomic force spectroscopy-based study of antibody pesticide interactions for characterization of immunosensor surface.

Development of immunobiosensor detector surfaces involves the immobilization of active antibodies on the capture surface without any significant loss of antigen binding activity. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to directly evaluate specific interactions between pesticides and antibodies on a biosensor surface. Oriented immobilization of antibodies against two herbicide molecules 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and atrazine, on gold, was carried out to create the active immunobiosensor surfaces.