Erratum: 178 Pace and Pitch: Predictive Factors for Seed Funding and Development - CORRIGENDUM.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.

Deciphering the vectors: Unveiling the local dispersal of Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii in the American beech (Fagus grandifolia) forest ecosystem.

Beech leaf disease (BLD), caused by the Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii (Lcm) nematode, is an emerging threat to beech trees. This disease is characterized by distinct leaf symptoms, including leaf interveinal banding and thickened leaf texture, which leads to eventual tree mortality.

Understanding the dynamic interactions of root-knot nematodes and their host: role of plant growth promoting bacteria and abiotic factors.

Root-knot nematodes ( spp., RKN) are among the most destructive endoparasitic nematodes worldwide, often leading to a reduction of crop growth and yield. Insights into the dynamics of host-RKN interactions, especially in varied biotic and abiotic environments, could be pivotal in devising novel RKN mitigation measures.

Biosecurity risks to human food supply associated with plant-parasitic nematodes.

Biosecurity in agriculture is essential for preventing the introduction and spread of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) which threaten global food security by reducing crop yields and facilitating disease spread. These risks are exacerbated by increased global trade and climate change, which may alter PPN distribution and activity, increasing their impact on agricultural systems. Addressing these challenges is vital to maintaining the integrity of the food supply chain.

Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among Romanian emergency medicine personnel.

Background: Contemporary scientific literature has emphasized two specific aspects of healthcare professionals: compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has placed significant strain on health systems and healthcare workers, the Russian-Ukrainian crisis appears to have a magnifying effect, particularly on mental health.

Methods: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between threat perception, daily worries, and professional quality of life in a sample of Emergency Medicine Personnel during two major events mentioned above.

Timing of behavioral responding to long-duration Pavlovian fear conditioned cues.

Behavioral responding is most beneficial when it reflects event timing. Compared to reward, there are fewer studies on timing of defensive responding. We gave female and male rats Pavlovian fear conditioning over a baseline of reward seeking.

Impact of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Emergency Medical Staff-Romanian Perspective (IRESUS-EMS).

Background: Unnecessary resuscitation is defined as putting in a disproportionate amount of effort compared to the patients' prognosis and chance of survival. The primary objective of this study was to determine the number of resuscitations perceived as unnecessary by emergency medical personnel and to correlate it with the characteristics of resuscitation team members, patient particularities and organizational factors related to the professional environment.

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out in the emergency department of a university hospital, exploring the perception of the uselessness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) through the completion of a questionnaire.

Genetic variation across trophic levels: A test of the correlation between population size and genetic diversity in sympatric desert lizards.

Understanding the causes of genetic variation in real populations has been elusive. Competing theories claim that neutral vs. selective processes have a greater influence on the genetic variation within a population.

NMR Analysis Reveals a Wealth of Metabolites in Root-Knot Nematode Resistant Roots of Watermelon Plants.

Citrullus amarus ( CA ) (previously known as Citrullus lanatus var. citroides ) accessions collected in southern Africa are known to have resistance to root-knot nematodes (RKN) and are suitable rootstocks for grafted watermelon. The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative metabolomics analysis and identify unique metabolites in roots of CA accessions versus roots of watermelon cultivars ( Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.

CNS myelin wrapping is driven by actin disassembly.

Myelin is essential in vertebrates for the rapid propagation of action potentials, but the molecular mechanisms driving its formation remain largely unknown. Here we show that the initial stage of process extension and axon ensheathment by oligodendrocytes requires dynamic actin filament assembly by the Arp2/3 complex. Unexpectedly, subsequent myelin wrapping coincides with the upregulation of actin disassembly proteins and rapid disassembly of the oligodendrocyte actin cytoskeleton and does not require Arp2/3.

Methylxanthine-evoked perturbation of spontaneous and evoked activities in isolated newborn rat hippocampal networks.

Treatment of apnea of prematurity with methylxanthines like caffeine, aminophylline or theophylline can evoke hippocampal seizures. However, it is unknown at which interstitial brain concentrations methylxanthines promote such neonatal seizures or interfere with physiological 'early network oscillations' (ENOs) that are considered as pivotal for maturation of hippocampal neural networks. We studied theophylline and caffeine effects on ENOs in CA3 neurons (CA3-ENOs) and CA3 electrical stimulation-evoked monosynaptic CA1 field potentials (CA1-FPs) in sliced and intact hippocampi, respectively, from 8 to 10-days-old rats.

Drug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo.

Multiple sclerosis involves an aberrant autoimmune response and progressive failure of remyelination in the central nervous system. Prevention of neural degeneration and subsequent disability requires remyelination through the generation of new oligodendrocytes, but current treatments exclusively target the immune system. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are stem cells in the central nervous system and the principal source of myelinating oligodendrocytes.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 mediates adult OPC maturation and myelin repair through modulation of Akt and GsK-3β signaling.

Failure of remyelination in diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), leads to permanent axonal damage and irreversible functional loss. The mechanisms controlling remyelination are currently poorly understood. Recent studies implicate the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in regulating oligodendrocyte (OL) development and myelination in CNS.

LKB1 and AMPK differentially regulate pancreatic β-cell identity.

Fully differentiated pancreatic β cells are essential for normal glucose homeostasis in mammals. Dedifferentiation of these cells has been suggested to occur in type 2 diabetes, impairing insulin production. Since chronic fuel excess ("glucotoxicity") is implicated in this process, we sought here to identify the potential roles in β-cell identity of the tumor suppressor liver kinase B1 (LKB1/STK11) and the downstream fuel-sensitive kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

Pancreatic β-cell Na+ channels control global Ca2+ signaling and oxidative metabolism by inducing Na+ and Ca2+ responses that are propagated into mitochondria.

Communication between the plasma membrane and mitochondria is essential for initiating the Ca(2+) and metabolic signals required for secretion in β cells. Although voltage-dependent Na(+) channels are abundantly expressed in β cells and activated by glucose, their role in communicating with mitochondria is unresolved. Here, we combined fluorescent Na(+), Ca(2+), and ATP imaging, electrophysiological analysis with tetrodotoxin (TTX)-dependent block of the Na(+) channel, and molecular manipulation of mitochondrial Ca(2+) transporters to study the communication between Na(+) channels and mitochondria.

Lower-limb amputee needs assessment using multistakeholder focus-group approach.

To assess the needs of lower-limb amputees and identify differences between diabetic dysvascular amputees and traumatic amputees, we held a multistakeholder focus-group workshop whose participants included veteran lower-limb amputees, clinicians, researchers, and prosthetic device manufacturers. We conducted the initial workshop sessions as traditional focus-group meetings with homogeneous participant groups generating lists of issues relevant to the individual groups. Subsequent sessions assembled heterogeneous participant groups for a two-phase approach: Discovery and Codesign.

A pilot study of switch to lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy from nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based therapy.

Purpose: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of switching HIV-infected patients with stable viral suppression on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI/NRTI) therapy to lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy.

Method: Eligible patients discontinued NNRTI and started LPV/r. Two weeks later NRTIs were stopped and LPV/r monotherapy was continued.

Leukocyte adhesion--an integrated molecular process at the leukocyte plasma membrane.

Leukocyte adhesion is of pivotal functional importance, because most leukocyte functions depend on cell-cell contact. It must be strictly controlled, both at the level of specificity and strength of interaction, and therefore several molecular systems are involved. The most important leukocyte adhesion molecules are the selectins, the leukocyte-specific beta2-integrins and the intercellular adhesion molecules.

Tumor targeting with a selective gelatinase inhibitor.

Several lines of evidence suggest that tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis are dependent on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. However, the lack of inhibitors specific for the type IV collagenase/gelatinase family of MMPs has thus far prevented the selective targeting of MMP-2 (gelatinase A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase B) for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Here, we describe the isolation of specific gelatinase inhibitors from phage display peptide libraries.

Leukocyte adhesion--a fundamental process in leukocyte physiology.

Leukocyte adhesion is of pivotal functional importance. The adhesion involves several different adhesion molecules, the most important of which are the leukocyte beta 2-integrins (CD11/CD18), the intercellular adhesion molecules, and the selectins. We and others have extensively studied the specificity and binding sites in the integrins and the intercellular adhesion molecules for their receptors and ligands.

Therapeutic neural effects of electrical stimulation.

The use of a functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) device can have therapeutic effects that persist when the device is not in use. Clinicians have reported changes in both voluntary and electrically assisted neuromuscular function and improvements in the condition of soft tissue. Motor recovery has been observed in people with incomplete spinal cord injury, stroke, or traumatic brain injury after the use of motor prostheses.