Fluorescence capturing behaviour of cyanobacterial resilience: Insights into UV-exposed ecosystems and its environmental applications.

Cyanobacteria are resilient microorganisms and thrive in environments exposed to UV radiation, ranging from ocean surfaces to scorching hot springs and dry expanses. 'Cyanobacterial Resilience' refers to their ability to withstand UV radiation, revealing intricate genomic secrets and adaptive mechanisms ensuring survival. These mechanisms include metabolic adaptations, robust DNA repair systems and UV-protective compounds such as Scytonemin and Mycosporine, vital for shielding against UV radiation survival.

Metformin Effects on SHIP2, AMPKs and Gut Microbiota: Recent Updates on Pharmacology.

Introduction: Metformin, a biguanide on the WHO's list of essential medicines has a long history of 50 years or more in treating hyperglycemia, and its therapeutic saga continues beyond diabetes treatment. Glucoregulatory actions are central to the physiological effects of metformin; surprisingly, the precise mechanism with which metformin regulates glucose metabolism is not thoroughly understood yet.

Method: The main aim of this review is to explore the recent implications of metformin in hepatic gluconeogenesis, AMPKs, and SHIP2 and subsequently to elucidate the metformin action across intestine and gut microbiota.

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of seeds from (Gaertn.).

There is a shred of evidence to suggest that Emblica officinalis Gaertn, the botanical name for amla seeds, has greater medicinal potential than amla fruit. We conducted this work to assess the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant capacities of E. officinalis seed extracts.

Glycine encephalopathy.

Inherited neurotransmitter diseases are a subset of rare neurometabolic disorders characterized by hereditary deficiencies in neurotransmitter metabolism or transport. Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia (NKH), called glycine encephalopathy, is an autosomal recessive glycine metabolism disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of glycine in all bodily tissues, including the CNS. The SLC6A9 gene, which codes for the GLYT1 protein, a biochemical abnormality in the GCS, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase enzymes, which function as a GCS component, are responsible for the neonatal form's symptoms, which include progressive encephalopathy, hypotonia, seizures, and occasionally mortality in the first few days of life.

Understanding the Role of Signalling in Cancer.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE 2) - related factor 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2) is one of the transcription factors predominantly related to the expression of antioxidant genes. NRF2 plays a pivotal role in controlling redox potential in several tumor characteristics, including cancer cell metabolism, stem-cell-like characteristics, tumor aggressiveness, invasion, and metastasis. Further, it was recently discovered that the noncanonical pathway of NRF2 activation was involved in carcinogenesis.

Assessment of Chemopreventive Potential of the Plant Extracts against Liver Cancer Using HepG2 Cell Line.

The edible parts of the plants , and were extensively used in ancient practices such as Ayurveda, owing to their potent biomedical significance. They are very rich in secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, which are very good antioxidants and exhibit anti-carcinogenic properties. This study aims to evaluate the anti-cancerous properties of these plant crude extracts on human liver cancer HepG2 cells.

Toxicopathological studies on the effects of T-2 mycotoxin and their interaction in juvenile goats.

Food and feeds contaminated with mycotoxins have been a threat to the rearing industry by causing some of the most fatal toxic reactions not only in the farm animals but also in humans who consume them. Toxicity to juvenile goats was induced by feed contamination with T-2 toxin (at 10 and 20 ppm dosage; group I and II, respectively). The toxicity impact was assessed on days 15 and 30 post treatment with respect to growth performance, oxidative stress, apoptotic studies and detailed pathomorphology.

Targeting Notch signalling pathway of cancer stem cells.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been defined as cells within tumor that possess the capacity to self-renew and to cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. CSCs have been increasingly identified in blood cancer, prostate, ovarian, lung, melanoma, pancreatic, colon, brain and many more malignancies. CSCs have slow growth rate and are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy that lead to the failure of traditional current therapy.

Fluvastatin interferes with hepatitis C virus replication via microtubule bundling and a doublecortin-like kinase-mediated mechanism.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced alterations in lipid metabolism and cellular protein expression contribute to viral pathogenesis. The mechanism of pleiotropic actions of cholesterol-lowering drugs, statins, against HCV and multiple cancers are not well understood. We investigated effects of fluvastatin (FLV) on microtubule-associated and cancer stem cell marker (CSC), doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) during HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.

Characteristics of Kcnn4 channels in the apical membranes of an intestinal epithelial cell line.

Intermediate-conductance K(+) (Kcnn4) channels in the apical and basolateral membranes of epithelial cells play important roles in agonist-induced fluid secretion in intestine and colon. Basolateral Kcnn4 channels have been well characterized in situ using patch-clamp methods, but the investigation of Kcnn4 channels in apical membranes in situ has been hampered by a layer of mucus that prevents seal formation. In the present study, we used patch-clamp methods to characterize Kcnn4 channels in the apical membrane of IEC-18 cells, a cell line derived from rat small intestine.