Serial lung ultrasounds in pediatric pneumonia in Mozambique and Pakistan.

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a promising point-of-care imaging technology for diagnosing and managing pneumonia. We sought to explore serial LUS examinations in children with chest-indrawing pneumonia in resource-constrained settings and compare their clinical and LUS imaging courses longitudinally. We conducted a prospective, observational study among children aged 2 through 23 months with World Health Organization Integrated Management of Childhood Illness chest-indrawing pneumonia and among children without fast breathing, chest indrawing or fever (no pneumonia cohort) at 2 district hospitals in Mozambique and Pakistan.

Feasibility, usability and acceptability of paediatric lung ultrasound among healthcare providers and caregivers for the diagnosis of childhood pneumonia in resource-constrained settings: a qualitative study.

Objectives: Paediatric pneumonia burden and mortality are highest in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC). Paediatric lung ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool for pneumonia in LMIC. Despite a growing evidence base for LUS use in paediatric pneumonia diagnosis, little is known about its potential for successful implementation in LMIC.

PMMA-TiO Fibers for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Water Pollutants.

Titanium dioxide (TiO) is a promising photocatalyst that possesses a redox potential suitable for environmental remediation applications. A low photocatalytic yield and high cost have thus far limited the commercial adoption of TiO-based fixed-bed reactors. One solution is to engineer the physical geometry or chemical composition of the substrate to overcome these limitations.

Fabricating Fibers of a Porous-Polystyrene Shell and Particle-Loaded Core.

Polystyrene (PS) polymers have broad applications in protective packaging for food shipping, containers, lids, bottles, trays, tumblers, disposable cutlery and the making of models. Currently, most PS products, such as foams, are not accepted for recycling due to a low density in the porous structure. This poses a challenge for logistics as well as creating a lack of incentive to invest in high-value products.

Age-stratified Patterns of Thymic Involution on Multidetector CT.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to better assess the prevalence and appearance of thymic tissue in adults stratified by age using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in order to prevent misinterpretation of normal thymic tissue as pathology.

Materials And Methods: This study examined the CT appearance of the thymus in 597 trauma patients aged 30 to 69 years (M=48.0 y, SD=11.

Ultrasound evaluation of scrotal pathology.

Palpable scrotal mass, acute scrotal pain, and enlarged scrotum are common scenarios in clinical practice. The imaging modality of choice to evaluate scrotal pathology is ultrasound (US). US is key in determining if a palpable abnormality is extratesticular or intratesticular and cystic or solid.

Bladder trauma: multidetector computed tomography cystography.

Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) cystography is rapidly becoming the most recommended study for evaluation of the bladder for suspected trauma. This article reviews the bladder trauma with emphasis on the application of MDCT cystography to traumatic bladder injuries using a pictorial essay based on images collected in our level I trauma center.

Splenic trauma: pictorial review of contrast-enhanced CT findings.

Splenic trauma is a common entity of high clinical significance that may have a variety of imaging manifestations. This article reviews splenic anatomy and function, mechanisms of splenic trauma, and the classification and grading of splenic trauma, with a particular focus on contrast-enhanced CT. Heterogeneous early enhancement of the spleen and technical suggestions to minimize this artifact are discussed.

Chloroquine resistant malaria in children.

Malaria remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. The changing susceptibility of Malaria parasites to drugs means that it is no longer possible to make global generalization about its chemotherapy. This study was conducted in District Hospital, Mirpurkhas, Sindh.

Abnormally small adenoids in HIV-infected children.

A number of diverse head and neck manifestations of HIV infection have been described, including adenoidal hypertrophy. We report a series of HIV-infected children in which 9 of 18 had abnormally small or radiographically absent adenoidal tissue. This finding did not, however, seem to correlate with several parameters for the severity or stage of illness.

Enhancement of thoracic masses using nonionic MR contrast agents.

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of a new nonionic MR contrast medium, gadodiamide injection (Omniscan; Sanofi-Winthrop), on enhancement of thoracic masses on T1-weighted SE images.

Materials And Methods: Gadodiamide injection was administered intravenously at a dose of 0.2 mmol/kg to 26 patients with thoracic masses.

Diagnostic value of chest radiography for pericardial effusion.

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the diagnostic value of chest radiography for pericardial effusion.

Background: Pericardial effusions may cause life-threatening cardiac complications, yet they are often difficult to diagnose.

Methods: In a blinded manner, we reviewed the chest radiographs of 83 patients with echocardiographically diagnosed pericardial effusions (5 large, 18 moderate, 60 small) and those of 17 control subjects without effusions.

Contrast media for cardiothoracic MR imaging.

Contrast media have been used for the study of disease of the thorax. Most experience has consisted of the use of MR contrast media for improving the delineation of acute myocardial infarction, for demarcating the area of acute myocardial ischemia, and for demonstrating the area of potentially jeopardized myocardium after acute coronary occlusion. Contrast agents demonstrate the ischemic or jeopardized area as a zone of decreased signal intensity to normal myocardium.

Dynamic pulmonary CT: findings in healthy adult men.

The authors examined 10 healthy male subjects with dynamic computed tomography to determine normal dynamic and expiratory findings. In both the supine and prone positions, the average increase in lung attenuation during exhalation was found to be significantly greater in dependent lung regions than in nondependent lung regions. In each of the lung zones studied, there was a significant correlation between the decrease in cross-sectional lung area during exhalation and the increase in lung attenuation.