Is It Possible to Detect Return of Spontaneous Circulation during Chest Compression? Evaluation of a Novel Method: Carotid Artery Compression Ultrasound.

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of carotid artery compression using a point-of-care ultrasound probe (POCUS-CAC) in reducing pulse check times and facilitating the detection of the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) compared to manual palpation (MP). The secondary aim of the study is to assess the ability of POCUS-CAC to detect ROSC during ongoing chest compressions. This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary emergency department between January and June 2023.

Role of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index, Systemic Immune Response Index, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Peritoneal Culture Positivity and Prognosis in Cases of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Admitted to the Emergency Department.

: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a life-threatening disease that requires early diagnosis and treatment. It is known that a positive culture result for SBP, which is a common reason for admission to the emergency department, is related to the severity and prognosis of the disease. However, as it is not possible to determine the culture result in the early stage of the disease, different methods are required to predict prognosis in the emergency department.

Emergency CT Scans: Unveiling the Risks of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors for contrast-associated acute kidney injury nephropathy (CA-AKI) in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CCT) in the emergency department.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, patients aged 18 and older who visited the emergency department and underwent CCT between January and February 2022 were included. The Mehran score, calculated from patient data, was used to assess risk.

The success of SII, MII-1, MII-2, MII-3, and QT dispersion in predicting the walled-off pancreatic necrosis development in acute pancreatitis in the emergency department: An observational study.

walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) is one of the complications of acute pancreatitis (AP) with high mortality. A method to predict the development of WOPN in AP patients admitted to the emergency department may guide life-saving practices such as early initiation of antibiotic therapy and, when necessary, referral of the patient to a center where necrosectomy can be performed. This study is a prospective observational study.

Troponin efficacy in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in patients with chronic renal failure.

There is no consensus on whether cardiac troponins with high reliability values should be different diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction in patients with and without renal dysfunction. Although it is often emphasized that the etiology of elevated troponin levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear, elevated cardiac troponin (cTnT) levels have been associated with increased subclinical cardiac damage in these patient groups. In this study, we investigated the value of cTnT value in diagnosing acute coronary syndrome in CKD patients with high clinical suspicion of acute coronary syndrome and without acute ST segment elevation on electrocardiogram.

Have Chest Imaging Habits Changed in the Emergency Department after the Pandemic?

The rate of patients undergoing tomography in the emergency department has increased in the last two decades. In the last few years, there has been a more significant increase due to the effects of the pandemic. This study aimed to determine the rate of patients who underwent chest imaging in the emergency department, the preferred imaging method, and the demographic characteristics of the patients undergoing imaging during the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods.

Interaction of an α-synuclein epitope with HLA-DRB115:01 triggers enteric features in mice reminiscent of prodromal Parkinson's disease.

Enteric symptoms are hallmarks of prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD) that appear decades before the onset of motor symptoms and diagnosis. PD patients possess circulating T cells that recognize specific α-synuclein (α-syn)-derived epitopes. One epitope, α-syn, binds with strong affinity to the HLA-DRB115:01 allele implicated in autoimmune diseases.

X-ray induced electron and ion fragmentation dynamics in IBr.

Characterization of the inner-shell decay processes in molecules containing heavy elements is key to understanding x-ray damage of molecules and materials and for medical applications with Auger-electron-emitting radionuclides. The 1s hole states of heavy atoms can be produced by absorption of tunable x rays and the resulting vacancy decays characterized by recording emitted photons, electrons, and ions. The 1s hole states in heavy elements have large x-ray fluorescence yields that transfer the hole to intermediate electron shells that then decay by sequential Auger-electron transitions that increase the ion's charge state until the final state is reached.

Dynamic physiological α-synuclein S129 phosphorylation is driven by neuronal activity.

In Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies, the elevation of α-synuclein phosphorylated at Serine129 (pS129) is a widely cited marker of pathology. However, the physiological role for pS129 has remained undefined. Here we use multiple approaches to show for the first time that pS129 functions as a physiological regulator of neuronal activity.

Reply to Kuo et al. Comment on "Du et al. Gender Differences in the Relationships between Perceived Stress, Eating Behaviors, Sleep, Dietary Risk, and Body Mass Index. 2022, , 1045".

We thank Kuo et al. for their comments [..

Gender Differences in the Relationships between Perceived Stress, Eating Behaviors, Sleep, Dietary Risk, and Body Mass Index.

Background: Obesity is a growing epidemic among university students, and the high levels of stress reported by this population could contribute to this issue. Singular relationships between perceived stress; engagement in restrained, uncontrolled, and emotional eating; sleep; dietary risk; and body mass index (BMI) have been reported in the current body of literature; however, these constructs interact with each other, and the complex relationships among them are infrequently examined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the complex relationships between these constructs using mediation and moderation analyses stratified by gender.

Mutant glucocerebrosidase impairs α-synuclein degradation by blockade of chaperone-mediated autophagy.

The most common genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) are a set of heterozygous mutant (MT) alleles of the gene that encodes β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), an enzyme normally trafficked through the ER/Golgi apparatus to the lysosomal lumen. We found that half of the GCase in lysosomes from postmortem human GBA-PD brains was present on the lysosomal surface and that this mislocalization depends on a pentapeptide motif in GCase used to target cytosolic protein for degradation by chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). MT GCase at the lysosomal surface inhibits CMA, causing accumulation of CMA substrates including α-synuclein.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy defect triggered by heterozygous GBA mutations.

Heterozygous mutations in GBA, the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucosylceramidase beta/β-glucocerebrosidase, comprise the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD), but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Here, we show that in Gba knockin mice, the L444P heterozygous Gba mutation triggers mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting autophagy and mitochondrial priming, two steps critical for the selective removal of dysfunctional mitochondria by autophagy, a process known as mitophagy. In SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells, the overexpression of L444P GBA impeded mitochondrial priming and autophagy induction when endogenous lysosomal GBA activity remained intact.

Communicating with Patients and Families Around Difficult Topics in Cancer Care Using the COMFORT Communication Curriculum.

Objectives: To examine nurse communication in cancer care and offer communication strategies for quality palliative care nursing.

Data Sources: Communication strategies offered are based on the COMFORT Communication curriculum, an evidence-based communication training program.

Conclusion: Whole-patient assessment, a major component of palliative care, involves communication that includes eliciting the patient's story, addressing health literacy needs, being mindful of burnout, and relating to the patient and family.

Superior diastolic function with K channel opener diazoxide in a novel mouse Langendorff model.

Background: Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K) channel openers have been found to be cardioprotective in multiple animal models via an unknown mechanism. Mouse models allow genetic manipulation of K channel components for the investigation of this mechanism. Mouse Langendorff models using 30 min of global ischemia are known to induce measurable myocardial infarction and injury.

An Easy-to-Implement Protocol for Preparing Postnatal Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures.

Postnatally derived cultures of ventral mesencephalic neurons offer several crucial advantages over embryonic ventral mesencephalic cultures, including a higher content of TH-positive cells and the ability to derive cells from the substantia nigra, which contains the neurons most vulnerable to Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, these cultures are more challenging to produce consistently. Here, we provide an easy-to-implement protocol for culturing postnatal ventral mesencephalic cells from the substantia nigra (SN) and the ventral tegmental area using commercially available media, dishes, and general lab equipment, avoiding extensive material and equipment purchases.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein TXNDC5 Augments Myocardial Fibrosis by Facilitating Extracellular Matrix Protein Folding and Redox-Sensitive Cardiac Fibroblast Activation.

Rationale: Cardiac fibrosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) resulting from cardiac fibrosis impairs cardiac contractile function and increases arrhythmogenicity. Current treatment options for cardiac fibrosis, however, are limited, and there is a clear need to identify novel mediators of cardiac fibrosis to facilitate the development of better therapeutics.

Health Literacy: Exploring Nursing Challenges to Providing Support and Understanding.

Background: As patient advocates, oncology nurses must attend to varying levels of health literacy among patients and families. However, little is known about nurses' experiences and comfort with health literacy assessment and providing health literacy support.
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Differential Expression and Remodeling of Transient Outward Potassium Currents in Human Left Ventricles.

Background: Myocardial, transient, outward currents, , have been shown to play pivotal roles in action potential (AP) repolarization and remodeling in animal models. The properties and contribution of to left ventricular (LV) repolarization in the human heart, however, are poorly defined.

Methods And Results: Whole-cell, voltage-clamp recordings, acquired at physiological (35°C to 37°C) temperatures, from myocytes isolated from the LV of nonfailing human hearts identified 2 distinct transient currents, () and (), with significantly (<0.

α-Synuclein-Dependent Calcium Entry Underlies Differential Sensitivity of Cultured SN and VTA Dopaminergic Neurons to a Parkinsonian Neurotoxin.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Although mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated α-synuclein (aSyn) expression are postulated to play a role in PD pathogenesis, it is still debated why neurons of the SN are targeted while neighboring dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are spared. Using electrochemical and imaging approaches, we investigated metabolic changes in cultured primary mouse midbrain dopaminergic neurons exposed to a parkinsonian neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP).

Learning the Patient's Story.

Objectives: To provide a brief history on narrative medicine and highlight its importance in providing quality patient care.

Data Sources: Explains narrative medicine using published, peer-reviewed literature and highlights some of the literary, medical, sociological, and communication perspectives that contributed to the narrative medicine movement.

Conclusion: A commitment to the patient-provider relationship and knowing the patient's story is a critical aspect in providing quality cancer care.

Erratum: T cells from patients with Parkinson's disease recognize α-synuclein peptides.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature22815.

T cells from patients with Parkinson's disease recognize α-synuclein peptides.

Genetic studies have shown the association of Parkinson's disease with alleles of the major histocompatibility complex. Here we show that a defined set of peptides that are derived from α-synuclein, a protein aggregated in Parkinson's disease, act as antigenic epitopes displayed by these alleles and drive helper and cytotoxic T cell responses in patients with Parkinson's disease. These responses may explain the association of Parkinson's disease with specific major histocompatibility complex alleles.