Effect of Infection on Mental Health in COVID-19 Positive Cases and its Relationship with Clinical Variables.

Background: While global attention has focused largely on the effects of the coronavirus on physical health, the effects of the coronavirus on mental health cannot be ignored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of COVID-19 disease on mental health and its relationship with other clinical variables.

Methods: In this study, adult patients over 18 years of age who were diagnosed with COVID 19 by real time-polymerized chain reaction (RT-PCR) method in our city were included.

Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors: Perceptions of Children, Siblings, and Parents.

Objective: We investigated the health-related quality of life (HRQL) in survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and evaluated the perceptions of the children, their siblings, and their parents.

Materials And Methods: Seventy ALL survivors, who were between 7 and 17 years of age and had completed therapy ≥2 years, were included. The control group consisted of their healthy siblings.

An updated comprehensive systematic review of Cladophialophora bantiana and analysis of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of cerebral cases.

Cladophialophora bantiana is a phaeoid fungus that only rarely has been isolated from sources other than the human brain. It has a particular tropism for the central nervous system (CNS). We have integrated and updated large-scale data related to several aspects of C.

Acral manifestations of fungal infections.

Fungal infections, which are named according to the body site involved, can affect any skin area, the fingernails, or the toenails. Numerous fungal agents are responsible for both superficial and deep fungal diseases. Dermatophytes and Candida spp are the most common causative organisms on the surface of the hands, feet, and nails of patients with superficial fungal diseases; however, although deep fungal infections of the skin are less common compared with superficial fungal diseases, their incidence is increasing worldwide due to cross-border travel.

A case of central nervous system infection due to Cladophialophora bantiana.

Background: Cladophialophora bantiana is a melanised mold with a pronounced tropism for the central nervous system, almost exclusively causing human brain abscesses.

Case Report: We describe a case of cerebral infection by this fungus in an otherwise healthy 28-year-old coal-miner. Environmental occurrence, route of entry, and incubation period of this fungus are unknown, but our case is informative in that the first symptoms occurred about eight weeks after known traumatic inoculation.

Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Yeast Species Isolated from Stool Samples of Children with Suspected or Diagnosed Autism Spectrum Disorders and In Vitro Susceptibility Against Nystatin and Fluconazole.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a general term for a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders of brain development that limits a person's ability to function normally. Etiology has not been clearly defined up to date. However, gut microbiota and the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and brain, the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis, are hypothesized, which may be involved in the etiology of several mental disorders.

First imported coccidioidomycosis in Turkey: A potential health risk for laboratory workers outside endemic areas.

Coccidioidomycosis caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii is endemic in arid climate zones in America, travel-related cases have been reported. We report the first documented case of coccidioidomycosis in Turkey, overviewing reported cases in Europe and underlying difficulties of differential diagnosis outside endemic regions. The patient was an otherwise healthy 41-year-old man who travelled endemic areas.

Clinical characteristics and epidemiology of pulmonary pseudallescheriasis.

Background: Some members of the Pseudallescheria (anamorph Scedosporium) have emerged as an important cause of life-threatening infections in humans. These fungi may reach the lungs and bronchial tree causing a wide range of manifestations, from colonization of airways to deep pulmonary infections. Frequently, they may also disseminate to other organs, with a predilection for the brain.

A dark strain in the Fusarium solani species complex isolated from primary subcutaneous sporotrichioid lesions associated with traumatic inoculation via a rose bush thorn.

Fusarium species are hyaline hyphomycetes widely distributed in nature and documented agents of both superficial and systemic infections in humans. In this paper, we report a darkly-pigmented and initially non-sporulating isolate in the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) causing a post-traumatic sporotrichoid infection in an otherwise healthy, male patient. Sequencing of multiple loci showed that the isolate represented an otherwise unknown lineage, possibly corresponding to a separate species, within the multi-species F.

Fungal rhinosinusitis: a categorization and definitional schema addressing current controversies.

Background: Fungal (rhino-) sinusitis encompasses a wide spectrum of immune and pathological responses, including invasive, chronic, granulomatous, and allergic disease. However, consensus on terminology, pathogenesis, and optimal management is lacking. The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology convened a working group to attempt consensus on terminology and disease classification.

Fatal Trichoderma harzianum infection in a leukemic pediatric patient.

We report the repeated isolation for Trichoderma.harzianum, a rare opportunistic pathogen from three sets of each of the following clinical samples; blood serum, skin lesions, sputum and throat of a pediatric ALL patient with neutropenia. The definition of invasive fungal infection requires evidence of the presence of fungal elements in tissue samples, in addition to the isolation of suspected etiologic agent in culture.

Epidemiology and outcome of Scedosporium prolificans infection, a review of 162 cases.

Scedosporium prolificans is a truly emerging fungal pathogen. It has only been recognized as a human pathogen for 22 years and has been related with numerous infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. A search for cases in the literature was performed and a database was constructed.

Susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus diffluens against amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole.

Cryptococcus diffluens is a recently re-established species that shares several phenotypic features with Cryptococcus neoformans. We evaluated the application of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, formerly NCCLS) macro- and microbroth dilution methods and the E-test agar diffusion method to determine the in vitro susceptibilities of known strains of C. diffluens against amphotericin B (AMB), flucytosine (5-FC), fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITC) and the novel triazoles, voriconazole (VRC) and posaconazole (PSC).

Central nervous system infections by members of the Pseudallescheria boydii species complex in healthy and immunocompromised hosts: epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcome.

Infections caused by members of the Pseudallescheria boydii species complex are currently among the most common mould infections. These fungi show a particular tropism for the central nervous system (CNS). We reviewed all the available reports on CNS infections, focusing on the geographical distribution, infection routes, immunity status of infected individuals, type and location of infections, clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome.

Subcutaneous cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus diffluens in a patient with sporotrichoid lesions case report, features of the case isolate and in vitro antifungal susceptibilities.

Environmental fungi, in particular primary pathogens and Cryptococcus spp. can be responsible for skin lesions mimicking sporotrichosis. In this paper, we report a case of subcutaneous cryptococcosis in an apparently healthy, young male patient due to a non-C.

A Rhizopus oryzae strain isolated from resected bone and soft tissue specimens from a sinonasal and palatal mucormycosis case. Report of a case and in vitro experiments of yeastlike cell development.

We report a histologically and mycologically proven sinonasal mucormycosis case causing palatal necrosis in a nondiabetic patient with renal failure. Mycological examination of Giemsa stained imprinted tissue preparations revealed abundant yeast-like cells besides the typical mucoraceous hyphae. The fungus was isolated from surgical specimens and identified as Rhizopus oryzae by phenotypic and genotypic tests.

Scedosporium apiospermum: changing clinical spectrum of a therapy-refractory opportunist.

Current knowledge on the opportunist Scedosporium apiospermum (teleomorph: Pseudallescheria boydii), generated over a period of more than 120 years, is reviewed. The natural environmental habitat of the fungus is unknown; nutrient-rich, brackish waters like river estuaria have been suggested. The fungus is strongly promoted by agricultural and particularly by industrial pollution.

Cryptococcal parotid involvement: an uncommon localization of Cryptococcus neoformans.

We describe a cryptococcal infection localized in the parotid gland of an otherwise healthy 72-year-old woman. The patient presented with a painful, approximately 4.5 cm diameter mass in the anterior region of her right ear.

Central nervous system infection due to Penicillium chrysogenum.

Penicillium chrysogenum was isolated from three subsequent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of a 73-year-old male patient without immunological compromise. The isolated was tested against five antifungal agents according to the NCCLS M38-P macrodilution method. MICs were determined as follows: amphotericin B (AMB), 2 microg ml(-1); fluconazole (FLZ), 8 microg ml(-1); itraconazole (ITZ), 1 microg ml(-1); flucytosine (5FC), 0.

Infections of the central nervous system by melanized fungi: a review of cases presented between 1999 and 2004.

Several types of infections of the central nervous system by melanized fungi can be distinguished: (a) single-organ infection of the cerebrum, (b) extension into the cerebrum from adjacent cavities, (c) fungal presence in the cerebrospinal fluid, or (d) meningitis. The fungal order Chaetothyriales (containing Exophiala-like black yeasts and relatives) is particularly rich in fungi causing cerebral infections. Cases by the main agents, Cladophialophora bantiana, Exophiala dermatitidis, and Ramichloridium mackenziei, published during the last 5 years are reviewed.

The presence of fluconazole-resistant Candida dubliniensis strains among Candida albicans isolates from immunocompromised or otherwise debilitated HIV-negative Turkish patients.

The newly described species Candida dubliniensis phenotipically resembles Candida albicans in many respects and so it could be easily misidentified. The present study aimed at determining the frequency at which this new Candida species was not recognized in the authors' university hospital clinical laboratory and to assess antifungal susceptibility. In this study, six identification methods based on significant phenotypic characteristics each proposed as reliable tests applicable in mycology laboratories for the differentiation of the two species were performed together to assess the clinical strains that were initially identified as C.

Paecilomyces variotii central nervous system infection in a patient with cancer.

Paecilomyces variotii was isolated from two subsequent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of a cancer patient. Identification was confirmed through beta-tubulin and rDNA ITS sequencing. MICs were determined for seven antifungal agents; the isolate was found to be susceptible to amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITZ), ketaconazole (KTZ) and 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) but resistant to fluconazole (FLZ) and miconazole (MCZ).

In-vitro activities of terbinafine, itraconazole and amphotericin B against Aspergillus and Cladosporium species.

The in vitro fungicidal and fungistatic activities of terbinafine were compared with those of itraconazole and amphotericin B against Aspergillus (n=63) and Cladosporium (n=21) isolates. The broth macrodilution modification of NCCLS reference method for filamentous fungi (M38-P) was used to assess the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Our data show that the in vitro activities of terbinafine were comparable to those of itraconazole and amphotericin B against the Aspergillus spp and Cladosporium strains tested.

Case report. Isolation of Cladosporium cladosporioides from cerebrospinal fluid.

Cladosporium cladosporioides was isolated from three subsequent cerebrospinal fluid specimens and from a brain biopsy specimen of a human patient. Susceptibility testing of the isolate was performed against seven antifungal agents.