Mental health and sleep routines: Uttarkashi, India tunnel collapse workers' experience.

Among the mental health outcomes and disaster types (determined by damage to life, property, long-term consequences, displacement, and unpredictability), floods are associated with anxiety and sleep problems, mudslides with anxiety and mood disturbance, volcanic eruptions with acute stress reactions, and earthquakes with anxiety, depression, and physical complaints. Disasters such as tunnel collapse are unique as it involves the healthy, without loss of personal property or displacement; hence, they can have very different health-related outcomes. In this study, we explore mental health and sleep-related issues in workers rescued from an under-construction collapsed tunnel trapped for 17 days.

Unmasking the Perils of Heroin: A Compelling Case Report on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

This case report discusses an interesting instance of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by heroin abuse. Heroin, a potent opioid, has been linked to this life-threatening condition. A young man in his early twenties was found unconscious, displaying atypical symptoms such as tachycardia and tachypnea; later he landed up in ARDS.

Unusual Unsatisfactory Treatment in Two Patients with Imported Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most commonly diagnosed dermatological condition in travel medicine after diarrhoeal diseases and febrile status. The disease is transmitted by and sandflies. It appears in various clinical forms, the most common of which is a painless ulcer with raised edges, usually present on exposed parts of the body on the side where the insect bite occurred.

Small Molecule Assembly Agonist Alters the Dynamics of Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Dimer and Capsid.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant public health burden worldwide, encouraging the search for curative antivirals. One approach is capsid assembly modulators (CAMs), which are assembly agonists. CAMs lead to empty and defective capsids, inhibiting the formation of new viruses, and can also lead to defects in the release of the viral genome, inhibiting new infections.

Qualitative and quantitative reservoir characterization using seismic inversion based on particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm: a comparative case study.

Accurate reservoir characterization is necessary to effectively monitor, manage, and increase production. A seismic inversion methodology using a genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is proposed in this study to characterize the reservoir both qualitatively and quantitatively. It is usually difficult and expensive to map deeper reservoirs in exploratory operations when using conventional approaches for reservoir characterization hence inversion based on advanced technique (GA and PSO) is proposed in this study.

Antimicrobial activity of compounds identified by artificial intelligence discovery engine targeting enzymes involved in Neisseria gonorrhoeae peptidoglycan metabolism.

Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea. There are no vaccines and infections are treated principally with antibiotics. However, gonococci rapidly develop resistance to every antibiotic class used and there is a need for developing new antimicrobial treatments.

Time-series sewage metagenomics distinguishes seasonal, human-derived and environmental microbial communities potentially allowing source-attributed surveillance.

Sewage metagenomics has risen to prominence in urban population surveillance of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Unknown species with similarity to known genomes cause database bias in reference-based metagenomics. To improve surveillance, we seek to recover sewage genomes and develop a quantification and correlation workflow for these genomes and AMR over time.

Artificial intelligence-driven reverse vaccinology for vaccine: Prioritizing epitope-based candidates.

is the causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea. The increasing prevalence of this disease worldwide, the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains, and the difficulties in treatment necessitate the development of a vaccine, highlighting the significance of preventative measures to control and eradicate the infection. Currently, there is no widely available vaccine, partly due to the bacterium's ability to evade natural immunity and the limited research investment in gonorrhea compared to other diseases.

The assembly of neutrophil inflammasomes during COVID-19 is mediated by type I interferons.

The severity of COVID-19 is linked to excessive inflammation. Neutrophils represent a critical arm of the innate immune response and are major mediators of inflammation, but their role in COVID-19 pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We conducted transcriptomic profiling of neutrophils obtained from patients with mild and severe COVID-19, as well as from SARS-CoV-2 infected mice, in comparison to non-infected healthy controls.

Wild red foxes () do not participate in SARS-CoV-2 circulation in Poland.

Background: Biomonitoring is an essential activity for identifying possible vectors and reservoirs of pathogens and predicting potential outbreaks. Wild red foxes are present in both sylvatic and synanthropic environments, making them potential carriers of zoonotic pathogens. Experimental studies have shown that both coyotes and red foxes can transmit SARS-CoV-2.

Addressing pandemic-wide systematic errors in the SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny.

The SARS-CoV-2 genome occupies a unique place in infection biology - it is the most highly sequenced genome on earth (making up over 20% of public sequencing datasets) with fine scale information on sampling date and geography, and has been subject to unprecedented intense analysis. As a result, these phylogenetic data are an incredibly valuable resource for science and public health. However, the vast majority of the data was sequenced by tiling amplicons across the full genome, with amplicon schemes that changed over the pandemic as mutations in the viral genome interacted with primer binding sites.

Hibernating vesper bats are a weak source for biomonitoring of coronaviruses.

Background: Our study explores the role of bats as reservoirs of coronaviruses.

Methods: We conducted virological screening of bats hibernating in military bunkers at the Natura 2000 site "Nietoperek" in Western Poland collecting oral and anal swab samples from 138 bats across six species to apply a combination of pan-coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 specific PCR assays.

Results: Only one anal swab tested positive for coronavirus.

Pancreatic Parenchymal Atrophy and Pancreatic Fat Accumulation Measured by Multidetector Computed Tomography as a Stable Marker of Chronic Progressive Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Cross Sectional Observational Study.

 The most crucial step in the management of type 2 diabetes is identifying its pathogenesis and progression. Fat accumulation in the pancreas and decreased parenchymal volume can influence pancreatic function due to insulin resistance or β-cell dysfunction. This study aims to find out the difference in pancreatic volume and fat content by using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) between normal subjects and patients with different durations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Ancestral allele of DNA polymerase gamma modifies antiviral tolerance.

Mitochondria are critical modulators of antiviral tolerance through the release of mitochondrial RNA and DNA (mtDNA and mtRNA) fragments into the cytoplasm after infection, activating virus sensors and type-I interferon (IFN-I) response. The relevance of these mechanisms for mitochondrial diseases remains understudied. Here we investigated mitochondrial recessive ataxia syndrome (MIRAS), which is caused by a common European founder mutation in DNA polymerase gamma (POLG1).

Evaluation of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis Using Transient Elastography in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This study was planned to assess proportion of patients with OSA that have hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, as measured by transient elastography, to explore variables influencing their development and to find out the polysomnography parameters that predict the need for transient elastography screening in OSA.

Methods: Consecutive participants having polysomnography proven OSA were included in the study after screening for eligibility criteria.

Impact of oil massage on newborn behavioural responses in rural India.

The initial weeks of a newborn's life are marked by rapid physiological and behavioural adjustments as the infant adapts to the external environment. This critical period necessitates attentive care, prompting exploration into traditional practices such as oil massage, which holds cultural significance and is believed to enhance neonatal well-being. Despite its prevalence, empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of oil massage remains limited.

Exploring eating behaviors, knowledge and attitudes of adolescent Indian girls.

Data on the eating behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes of adolescent girls in Visnagar, India, focusing on the prevalence of non-communicable diseases [NCDs] and their association with dietary practices is of interest. Adolescence, a crucial developmental phase, sets the foundation for lifelong health habits, necessitating an understanding of the determinants influencing eating behaviors. The research aims to identify gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices [KAP], providing insights for culturally sensitive public health strategies.

Real-world safety and effectiveness of Pistacia lentiscus (mastic gum) in patients with diabetic gastroparesis: 24-week interim analysis postintervention.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal neuropathies are frequently found in diabetic patients.

Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the safety, adverse reactions, and long-term effectiveness of Pistacia lentiscus plant extract (mastic gum) in diabetic gastroparesis (DG) with respect to sustainable improvement in gastroparesis symptoms (Gastrointestinal Cardinal Symptom Index [GCSI] score) by observational follow-up study of a single-centric double-blind noninferiority randomized control trial.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-eight individuals were recruited and equally randomized in two study groups based on GCSI score and TC99 radionuclide gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES), i.