2,4,8,10,13-Penta-methyl-6-phenyl-13,14-dihydro-12H-6λ-dibenzo[d,i][1,3,7,2]dioxaza-phosphecin-6-thione.

In the title compound, C(25)H(28)NO(2)PS, the cyclo-decene ring exhibits a crown conformation. The two dimethyl-benzene rings which are fused symmetrically on either side of the ten-membered ring, make dihedral angles of 20.2 (1) and 18.

Diethyl [(4-bromo-phen-yl)(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-anilino)meth-yl]phospho-nate.

In the title compound, C(17)H(20)BrClNO(4)P, inter-molecular C-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric R(2) (2)(10) dimers linked through O-H⋯O inter-molecular hydrogen bonds, which form centrosymmetric R(2) (2)(16) dimers. All these hydrogen bonds form chains along [010]. In addition, the crystal structure is stabilized by weak C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds.

3-(6-Methyl-2-pyrid-yl)-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1,3,2-benzoxaza-phosphinine 2-oxide.

In the title compound, C(19)H(17)N(2)O(2)P, the six-membered 1,3,2-oxaza-phosphinine ring adopts a boat conformation with the phosphoryl O atom in an equatorial position. The dihedral angle between the 6-methyl-2-pyridyl and phenyl groups is 75.5 (1)°.

4-(2-Chloro-ethyl)morpholinium picrate.

The title compound, C(6)H(13)ClNO(+)·C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7) (-), was synthesized from picric acid and 4-(2-chloro-ethyl)morpholine. The crystal structure is stabilized by C-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter-actions.

Signal mechanism activated by erythropoietin preconditioning and remote renal preconditioning-induced cardioprotection.

It has been recently reported that release of erythropoietin could mediate the cardioprotective effects of remote renal preconditioning. However, the mechanism of erythropoietin-mediated cardioprotection in remote preconditioning is still unexplored. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible signal transduction pathway of erythropoietin-mediated cardioprotection in remote preconditioning in rats.

Postprandial lipaemia in patients with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To compare the postprandial lipid responses in subjects with prediabetes (IFG and IGT), newly detected diabetes mellitus (NDDM) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Methods: Postprandial lipid responses to a standard oral fat challenge was studied in forty-four subjects who were divided after an OGTT into NGT, pure impaired fasting glucose (PIFG), pure impaired glucose tolerance (PIGT) and NDDM.

Results: There was a significantly higher postprandial triglyceride (PPTg) response with a higher PPTg area under curve (p=0.

Remote renal preconditioning-induced cardioprotection: a key role of hypoxia inducible factor-prolyl 4-hydroxylases.

Remote preconditioning is a unique phenomenon in which brief episodes of ischemia and reperfusion to remote organ protect the target organ against sustained ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury. Protective effects of remote renal preconditioning (RRPC) are well established in heart, but their mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. So, the present study was designed to investigate the possible role of oxygen-sensing hypoxia inducible factor-prolyl 4-hydroxylases (HIF-P4Hs) in RRPC-induced cardioprotection in rats.

Relationship between malaria and sociocultural aspects in villages along the river Mahi in central Gujarat.

The sociocultural practices of the people differ between communities and play an important role in malaria control operations. The present study was carried out with the aim to understand the association of malaria with sociocultural determinants in malaria prone riverine villages of Kheda district in central Gujarat. Blood smears of persons with fever or having history of fever were collected and examined under microscope for malarial parasite.

Apolipoprotein modifying effects of statins and fibrate in various age groups of coronary artery disease patients.

These days apolipoproteins especially apo B and apo A I are thought to be better predictors of risk of coronary artery disease as compared to lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol. Lifestyle modification and use of lipid modifying drugs such as statins and fibrates have proven effective in reducing the risk of coronary artery disease. Statins and fibrates are known to possess anti-atherosclerotic properties in addition to lipid modifying effects.

Primary chondrosarcoma of the breast.

Mammary sarcomas are uncommon tumours. Of these, pure chondrosarcoma without any other area of epithelial or mesenchymal differentiation feature is even rarer. This excludes tumours like malignant cystosarcoma phylloides and metaplastic carcinoma where malignant cartilaginous areas may be present.

Observations on anopheline breeding in relation to aquatic plants in different breeding habitats of Kheda (Gujarat).

Water bodies infested with aquatic vegetations may pose problems in mosquito control through bio-environmental methods. Paucity of information pertaining to association of mosquito breeding with aquatic vegetation was the basis for present investigation. The mosquito breeding sites infested with solitary/dominating plant community viz.

Concordant copy number and transcriptional activity of genes mapping to derivative chromosomes 8 during cellular immortalization in vitro.

Deletion, rearrangement, or amplification of sequences mapping to chromosome 8 are frequently observed in human prostate and other tumors. However, it is not clear whether these events alter the transcriptional activity of the affected genes. To examine this question, we have utilized oligonucleotide microarray technology and compared the transcriptional patterns of normal human prostate tissues and five immortalized cell lines carrying either two normal chromosomes 8 or one normal and one derivative chromosome 8.

Sweet proteins--potential replacement for artificial low calorie sweeteners.

Exponential growth in the number of patients suffering from diseases caused by the consumption of sugar has become a threat to mankind's health. Artificial low calorie sweeteners available in the market may have severe side effects. It takes time to figure out the long term side effects and by the time these are established, they are replaced by a new low calorie sweetener.

Randomized controlled trial to compare the early and mid-term results of stapled versus open hemorrhoidectomy.

Background: The new technique of circular stapler for the treatment of hemorrhoids has shown early promise in terms of minimal or no postoperative pain, early discharge from hospital, and quick return to work. This study was designed to compare stapled technique with the well-accepted conventional Milligan Morgan hemorrhoidectomy.

Methods: After fulfilling the selection criteria, 84 patients were randomly allocated to the stapled (n = 42) or open group (n = 42).

Novel germline mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1, BRCA2 and p53 gene in breast cancer patients from India.

Mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 account for more than 80% of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. p53 tumor suppressor gene that controls cellular growth and differentiation is also known to be mutated in more than 50% of human cancers including breast cancer. We have carried out a study on BRCA1 and BRCA2 along with p53 gene mutations in both sporadic as well as familial breast cancer patients from India where breast cancer is fast emerging as a major cancer among premenopausal urban women.

Open port placement of the first laparoscopic port: a safe technique.

Background: Blind insertion of the Veress needle and of the first trocar is a significant cause of complications in laparoscopic surgery. Despite this risk, the closed technique is still more popular than the open one. Our aim is to report the results of our experience with the routine use of the modified open technique in laparoscopic surgery and to describe the technical details of the creation of pnuemoperitoneum by the open technique that we used.

Outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Los Santos, Panama, 1999-2000.

An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome occurred in the province of Los Santos, Panama, in late 1999 and early 2000. Eleven cases were identified; 9 were confirmed by serology. Three cases were fatal; however, no confirmed case-patient died.

Evolution of 8p loss in transformed human prostate epithelial cells.

Deletion or rearrangement of sequences that map to the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p) are frequently associated with human prostate tumorigenesis. These losses often involve the entire short arm of chromosome 8 or very large regions of distal or proximal 8p, and several putative tumor suppressor genes mapping to 8p have been described. However, the mechanism responsible for 8p loss during prostate tumorigenesis has not been elucidated.

Evaluation of fundus-first laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Objectives: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for gallbladder surgery. Cholecystectomy from the fundus to the cystic duct may be advantageous when cystic duct exposure becomes difficult due to adhesions on Calot's triangle. The aim of this study was to compare conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the fundus-first procedure and to evaluate whether the fundus-first technique can prevent conversion in difficult cases.

The off-label use of clozapine in adolescents with bipolar disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, or posttraumatic stress disorder.

Objective: There are limited data in the literature regarding clozapine use in adolescents with diagnoses other than schizophrenia. This report describes the use of clozapine in adolescents with diagnoses of bipolar disorder, intermittent explosive disorder (IED), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods: A chart review of 39 adolescents treated with clozapine at two residential facilities was undertaken.

Primary chondrosarcoma of the breast: a case report.

Mammary sarcomas are uncommon tumors. Of these pure chondrosarcoma without any other area of epithelial or mesenchymal differentiation feature as even rarer. This excludes tumors like malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes and metaplastic carcinoma where malignant cartilaginous areas may be present.

Comparative account of serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoprotein-B in patients of coronary artery disease.

Serum total lipids (cholesterol and triglyceride), lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL) and Apolipoprotein-B levels of normal healthy individuals (n=25) and coronary artery disease patients (n=25) were estimated. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the role of apo-B in causation and inheritance of coronary artery disease. It was observed that on an average serum total cholesterol and triglyceride more than 200 mg/dl bring the individuals to a risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) irrespective of the age.

Presence of post-concussion syndrome symptoms in patients with chronic pain vs mild traumatic brain injury.

Primary Objective: Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) is a controversial diagnosis, in part because many symptoms may be present in other conditions, such as chronic pain (CP). However, direct comparisons between people with CP and mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) are limited. The purpose of this study was to compare people with CP and MTBI on a measure of PCS symptoms.

Clozapine impact on clinical outcomes and aggression in severely ill adolescents with childhood-onset schizophrenia.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of clozapine on aggressive behaviour and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Methods: We reviewed the charts of 6 children and adolescents who were admitted consecutively to a long-term care facility for clinical outcomes, including seclusion and restraints incidents prior to and during clozapine treatment. We also present a representative case history.