Relation of squamous differentiation in endometrioid carcinoma with MELF pattern to a high ratio of lymph node metastasis.

One of the known histological patterns of endometrioid carcinoma (EC) in uterine corpus cancer is MELF (microcystic, elongated, and fragmented). MELF is associated with lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. Besides MELF, it is also known that squamous differentiation (SD) often occurs in EC.

Hypoxia drives the formation of lung micropapillary adenocarcinoma-like structure through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α.

Micropapillary adenocarcinoma (MPC) is an aggressive histological subtype of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). MPC is composed of small clusters of cancer cells exhibiting inverted polarity. However, the mechanism underlying its formation is poorly understood.

Subclinical amyloid deposition in inflammatory bowel diseases: A two hospital study.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), predominantly affects young patients and leads to intestinal complications. Amyloidosis, which involves abnormal protein deposition, is a serious complication of IBD, with a low incidence. Early detection of subclinical amyloid deposits is crucial for preventing fatal outcomes; however, routine investigations are lacking.

A Case of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma Suspected as Postoperative Recurrence of Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent inflammatory disease affecting the nasal and paranasal sinus tissues, classified into two main categories: one associated with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and one without them (CRSsNP). A particular form of CRSwNP, known as eosinophilic CRS (ECRS), is distinguished by the excessive presence of eosinophils in the affected tissues. While surgical intervention and corticosteroids are the standard treatments, high relapse rates have led to increasing interest in biological treatments.

Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma cells with low SMARCA4 expression and high SMARCA2 expression contribute to platinum resistance.

Platinum resistance is a major obstacle to the treatment of ovarian cancer and is correlated with poor clinical outcomes. Intratumor heterogeneity plays a key role in chemoresistance. Recent studies have emphasized the contributions of genetic and epigenetic factors to the development of intratumor heterogeneity.

Neuropathology of spinocerebellar ataxia type 8: Common features and unique tauopathy.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8) is a neurodegenerative condition that presents with several neurological symptoms, such as cerebellar ataxia, parkinsonism, and cognitive impairment. It is caused by a CTA/CTG repeat expansion on chromosome 13q21 (ataxin 8 opposite strand [ATXN8OS]). However, the pathological significance of this expansion remains unclear.

An autopsy case of progressive supranuclear palsy treated with monoclonal antibody against tau.

We report an autopsy case of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP-Richardson syndrome). The individual had been enrolled in a phase 2 trial and received a monoclonal tau antibody (tilavonemab, ABBV-8E12); he died of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gastrointestinal bleeding during the clinical trial. Neuropathological examination demonstrated neuronal loss, gliosis, and widespread deposits of phosphorylated tau in the neurofibrillary tangles, tufted astrocytes, coiled bodies, and threads, which mainly occurred in the inferior olive nucleus, dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, substantia nigra, midbrain tegmentum, subthalamic nuclei, globus pallidus, putamen, and precentral gyrus, confirming typical PSP pathology.

Myasthenia gravis-specific aberrant neuromuscular gene expression by medullary thymic epithelial cells in thymoma.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neurological disease caused by autoantibodies against neuromuscular-associated proteins. While MG frequently develops in thymoma patients, the etiologic factors for MG are not well understood. Here, by constructing a comprehensive atlas of thymoma using bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing, we identify ectopic expression of neuromuscular molecules in MG-type thymoma.

Cerebellopontine angle metastasis of a neuroendocrine tumor mimicking vestibular schwannoma: A case report.

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are uncommon neoplasms arising from neuroendocrine cells and are rarely associated with intracranial metastases.

Case Description: We discuss the case of a 74-year-old woman with a right CPA tumor. She had a history of retroperitoneal NET, but was diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma due to a right-sided hearing loss and a right CPA tumor along the VII and VIII nerves.

A Novel Three-Dimensional Imaging System Based on Polysaccharide Staining for Accurate Histopathological Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Background & Aims: Tissue-clearing and three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques aid clinical histopathological evaluation; however, further methodological developments are required before use in clinical practice.

Methods: We sought to develop a novel fluorescence staining method based on the classical periodic acid-Schiff stain. We further attempted to develop a 3D imaging system based on this staining method and evaluated whether the system can be used for quantitative 3D pathological evaluation and deep learning-based automatic diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with speech apraxia, predominant upper motor neuron signs, and prominent iron accumulation in the frontal operculum and precentral gyrus.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease; transactivation response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) and iron accumulation are supposed to play a crucial role in the pathomechanism of the disease. Here, we report an unusual case of a patient with ALS who presented with speech apraxia as an initial symptom and upper motor neuron deficiencies. In the early clinical stages, single-photon emission computed tomography visualized focal hypoperfusion of the right frontal operculum, and magnetic resonance imaging identified a hypointense area along the frontal lobe on T2-weighted images.

Combined small cell lung carcinoma harboring ALK rearrangement: A case report and literature review.

Combined small cell lung cancer (c-SCLC) is a relatively rare subtype of SCLC and is defined by the combination of SCLC and any elements of non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC). Standard chemotherapy for patients with c-SCLC has not yet been established. Gene mutations such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations may be detected in patients with c-SCLC.

FAM111B enhances proliferation of KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma by degrading p16.

Lung cancer is a common type of cancer that represents a health problem worldwide; lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major subtype of lung cancer. Although several treatments for LUAD have been developed, the mortality rate remains high because of uncontrollable progression. Further biological and clinicopathological studies are therefore needed.

Single-incision laparoscopic colectomy for ascending colon tumor with relapsing polychondritis.

A 69-year-old man underwent single-incision laparoscopic colectomy for a colon tumor. He had comorbid relapsing polychondritis, an uncommon and intractable chronic inflammatory disease that shows various symptoms and systemically invades the cartilaginous tissue throughout the body. In this case, the bronchial wall was edematous and the glottis was incompetent.