[Pharmacoepidemiological research of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation EGIDA-2020].

Aim: An analysis of coronavirus infection in Russia and evaluation of different AVT regimens effectiveness.

Materials And Methods: The study involved a retrospective analysis of 1082 patient records with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in 17 regions of Russia. The number of men and women was equal, mean age 48.

[Clinical and morphological aspects of shigellosis flexneri in patients with an aggravated premorbid state].

The analysis of 10 fatal outcomes in patients with acute shigellosis during the period of 1999-2000 made it possible to find out that most of deceased shigellosis patients belonged to the group inclined to alcohol abuse and having initial alimentary disturbances. In 6 cases of acute shigellosis with fatal outcome the causative agent was S. flexneri 2a, in 2 cases--S.

[The pathogenesis of pulmonary complications in severe craniocerebral trauma].

The paper summaries authors' experience with lifetime and postmortem pulmonary changes in 223 victims with severe craniocerebral injury, as well as the data available in literature on this point. The investigations have shown that microcirculatory disorders make a great contribution to the development of pulmonary complications and revealed specific feature of the natural history of the shock lung in patients with severe craniocerebral injury. The paper provides strong evidence for the neurotrophic pattern of pulmonary complications and proposes a scheme of their development in this injury.

[Clinico-anatomic manifestations of intestinal involvement in shock].

The possibility of the intestinal involvement in various forms of shock is discussed on the basis of literature data. The intestine is recognized as "a target- organ" in shock together with kidneys and lungs. Microcirculatory disturbances in the intestinal wall result in the decrease of the intestinal epithelium protective function with the development of endotoxemia and aggravation of shock.

[Oligomeganephronic renal hypoplasia complicated by glomerulonephritis].

Clinico-anatomical data of a rare condition congenital oligomeganephronic renal hypoplasia with a glomerulonephritis as a complication are available for a 13-year-old girl who died of chronic renal failure. Large aglomerular zones consisting of primitive canaliculi in a loose stroma were observed in kidneys that were decreased in size. The glomeruli were few in number, some of them of a large size (2-2.

[The shaping of the clinical anatomical thinking of the pathological anatomist in a specialization lecture cycle in an institute for physician advanced training].

The directions of the evolution of clinico-anatomical approach by young pathologists during the specialization in the above institute are summarized. The work of pathologists consists of the disease history reading, making its written summary, autopsy with writing the protocol, histological examination, establishing the pathology diagnosis and epicrisis. All these stages should be an active thinking aiming at the comparison of clinical data with the results of macro- and microscopical examination and literature data.

[The most important prospects and tasks in improving the postgraduate instruction of pathologists under perestroika].

It is suggested to reorganize the postgraduate training of pathologists by improving the technical basis of pathology chairs in accordance with modern achievements of medicine and state examinations requirements. The postgraduate training should be continuous and be realized by a self-education and pathologist participation in special courses and teaching cycles with subsequent qualification examination for the 2nd, 1st and highest category (after 5, 7 and 10 years, respectively).

[Respiratory insufficiency due to hyaline pneumopathy after shock].

A case of the shock lung with numerous hyalin membranes is described in a 19-year-old woman after the delivery with a consequent acute respiratory failure. Bacterial shock, acute respiratory disease, possible embolism with amniotic fluid in combination with hypercoagulation typical for pregnancy are named among the causes of the shock lung development. A partial resolution and marked organization of the hyalin membranes are observed.

[Significance of bacterial shock to thanatogenesis in peritonitis].

Fifty-three section examinations of peritonitis with a history of 1 to 30 days were performed to microscopically study viscera and their microcirculatory bed. They revealed microcirculatory disturbances and their consequences that were characteristic of shock. They were most of all pronounced in the kidneys and lungs.

[Experience with the postgraduate training of pathologo-anatomists at the Novokuznets Institute for the Advanced Training of Physicians].

The authors report the experience in training clinical anatomists gained at the Chair of General Clinical Pathology (Pathoanatomy) in the Novokuznetsk Institute for Advanced Medical Training. Altogether 366 specialists in clinical pathology have been trained for the 10-year period (1976-1985). Problems of composing the curricula for the training cycles and their contents are discussed.

[Clinical, morphological and pathogenetic characteristics of combined myocardial infarct of the right and left ventricles].

Proceeding from clinicomorphological correlations in 63 patients with combined right and left ventricular myocardial infarction and in 92 patients with isolated left ventricular myocardial infarction some features of heart coronary pathology that contributed to the formation of a process of different site in the right and left ventricles were revealed. A hypothesis of variants of the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction of the anterior and posterior free walls of the right ventricle was discussed.

[Intravital diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease in an adult].

An observation of the Niemann-Pick disease in a male of 53 is described. The disease developed latently, acute clinical symptoms were provoked by spontaneous rupture of the spleen containing numerous "accumulation" Pick cells. Diagnosis was established after histological examination of the operatively removed spleen.

[Pathomorphology of eclampsia].

Pathomorphology of eclampsia is reviewed on the basis of literature data and it is noted that the problem has been studied insufficiently. Morphological features of eclampsia are subdivided into two groups; changes in the microcirculatory bed, that are generalized and undergo the following stages: spasm----wall swelling or necrosis----microthrombosis; and postischemic organ changes, such as dystrophy, necroses and hemorrhages. The role of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome is discussed in the development of some clinico-morphological features of eclampsia.

[Antibody avidity indices of the saliva and serum antibodies in salmonellosis patients].

The avidity characteristics of salivary and serum antibodies have been determined in 179 salmonellosis patients by means of the indirect hemagglutination inhibition test. These investigation have shown that, in contrast to serum antibodies, no changes occur in the avidity of salivary antibodies in the course of the disease. This is due to the fact that secretory antibodies belong to IgA which have no tendency to ripening.

[Local tumor-like amyloidosis of the lungs].

Local tumour-like lung amyloidosis (LTLA) in a woman of 58 is presented. The disease was not diagnosed clinically. Multiple, well delineated tumour-like, macro- and micronodular foci of amyloidosis were found in the lung at necropsy.

[Characteristics of kidney involvement in disseminated intravascular coagulation (morphogenesis of cortical necrosis)].

Morphological examinations of 72 autopsy observations of the disseminated intravascular blood coagulation (DIVBC) syndrome (a combination of microthrombosis in renal glomeruli, adrenals, gastrointestinal tract and other organs with the hemorrhagic syndrome) led to a conclusion on the role of DIVBC in the formation of cortical renal necroses. All the observations presented capillary thrombosis of the renal glomeruli the extent and dissemination of which had influenced the size of cortical necroses. Cortical ischemia in early stages is manifested by nephrothelium dystrophy followed at 3-5 days by the development of necrosis of the tubules, glomeruli, and stroma.

[Organ pathology of bacterial shock].

On the basis of histological and histochemical examinations of 100 postmortem observations of bacterial shock, 4 stages of disorders in the microcirculatory bed and in cell elements of organs in this complication are distinguished. The hemodynamic stage consists in redistribution of the blood flow, alternation of spasm and paresis, and vascular dystonia. In the stage of hemorheological disorders congestion is substituted by stasis, sludging of erythrocytes due to pachyemia.

[Pathomorphological changes in the kidneys in acute intestinal infections in children].

Morphological lesions of the kidneys in 59 autopsy observations of acute intestinal infections in children were studied. The greatest disorders were found in patients with the toxico-septic form of intestinal infections complicated by the development of bacterial shock. Impairments of the microcirculatory hemodynamics accompanied by dystrophic and necrotic changes in the epithelium of the tubules underlie renal lesions.

[During life diagnosis of myocardial infarction with involvement of the right ventricle].

The right segments of the heart and pulmonary artery were catheterized and pressure in them measured in 113 patients with acute transmural and macrofocal myocardial infarction. Increased end diastolic pressure in the right ventricle (EDPRV) was over 10 mm Hg and more frequently encountered in antero-inferior (in 70%) and inferior (in 31.5%) localization of myocardial infarction (p less than 0.